Etymology

List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations

List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities

Suffixation

-(a)n

Continents and regions

• Africa → African

• Asia → Asian

• Australia → Australian

• Europe → European

• North America → North American

• Central America → Central American

• South America → South American

Countries

• Afghanistan → Afghan

• Albania → Albanian

• Algeria → Algerian

• Andorra → Andorran

• Angola → Angolan

• Antigua → Antiguan

• Argentina → Argentine (Argentinean is sometimes used)

• Armenia → Armenian

• Australia → Australian

• Austria → Austrian

• Barbuda → Barbudan

• Belize → Belizean

• Bolivia → Bolivian

• Bosnia → Bosnian

• Botswana → Botswanan

• Brunei → Bruneian

• Bulgaria → Bulgarian

• Burundi → Burundian

• Chile → Chilean

• Colombia → Colombian

• Costa Rica → Costa Rican

• Croatia → Croatian

• Cuba → Cuban

• Dominica → Dominican

• Dominican Republic → Dominican (also "Quisqueyan")

• El Salvador → Salvadoran

• Eritrea → Eritrean

• Estonia → Estonian

• Ethiopia → Ethiopian

• Fiji → Fijian, Fijindian

• Gambia, the → Gambian

• Georgia → Georgian

• Germany → German

• Guatemala → Guatemalan

• Guinea → Guinean

• Haiti → Haitian

• Honduras → Honduran

• Hungary → Hungarian

• India → Indian

• Indonesia → Indonesian

• Ivory Coast → Ivorian

• Jamaica → Jamaican

• Kenya → Kenyan

• Kiribati → Kiribatian (also "I-Kiribati")

• Korea, North → North Korean

• Korea, South → South Korean

• Kosovo → Kosovan (also "Kosovar")

• Latvia → Latvian

• Lesotho → Lesothan

• Liberia → Liberian

• Libya → Libyan

• Lithuania → Lithuanian

• Malawi → Malawian

• Malaysia → Malaysian

• Mali → Malian

• Mauritania → Mauritanian

• Mauritius → Mauritian

• Mexico → Mexican

• Micronesia → Micronesian

• Moldova → Moldovan

• Mongolia → Mongolian (also "Mongol")

• Monaco → Monacan (also "Monegasque")

• Morocco → Moroccan

• Mozambique → Mozambican

• Myanmar → Myanman (also "Burmese")

• Namibia → Namibian

• Nauru → Nauruan

• Nicaragua → Nicaraguan

• Nigeria → Nigerian

• North Macedonia → Macedonian

• Palau → Palauan

• Papua New Guinea → Papua New Guinean

• Paraguay → Paraguayan

• Persia → Persian

• Romania → Romanian

• Russia → Russian

• Rwanda → Rwandan (also "Rwandese")

• Saint Lucia → Saint Lucian

• Samoa → Samoan

• Saudi Arabia → Saudi Arabian (also "Saudi")

• Serbia → Serbian

• Sierra Leone → Sierra Leonean

• Singapore → Singaporean

• Slovakia → Slovakian (also "Slovak")

• Slovenia → Slovenian (also "Slovene")

• Somalia → Somalian (also "Somali")

• South Africa → South African

• Sri Lanka → Sri Lankan

• St. Kitts and Nevis → Kittitian or Nevisian

• Syria → Syrian

• Tanzania → Tanzanian

• Tonga → Tongan

• Tunisia → Tunisian

• Tuvalu → Tuvaluan

• Uganda → Ugandan

• United States of America → American

• Uruguay → Uruguayan

• Vanuatu → Vanuatuan (also "Ni-Vanuatu")

• Venezuela → Venezuelan

• Zambia → Zambian

• Zimbabwe → Zimbabwean

States and provinces

• Abkhazia → Abkhazian (also "Abkhaz")

• Alaska → Alaskan

• Alberta → Albertan

• Andalusia → Andalusian

• Arizona → Arizonan

• Arkansas → Arkansan

• Asturias → Asturian

• Bago Region → Bagoan

• Bangka Island → Bangkan

• Bavaria → Bavarian

• Bohemia → Bohemian

• Borneo → Bornean

• British Columbia → British Columbian

• California → Californian

• Cantabria → Cantabrian

• Carinthia → Carinthian

• Colorado → Coloradan

• Corsica → Corsican

• Crete → Cretan

• Crimea → Crimean

• Dalmatia → Dalmatian

• Delaware → Delawarean

• Extremadura → Extremaduran

• Florida → Floridan (more commonly "Floridian" below)

• Galicia → Galician

• Galilee → Galilean

• Gaza Strip → Gazan

• Georgia → Georgian

• Hawaiʻi → Hawaiian^[1]

• Hebrides → Hebridean

• Idaho → Idahoan

• Indiana → Indianan (more commonly Hoosier below)

• Illinois → Illinoisan

• Iowa → Iowan

• Jakarta → Jakartan

• Java → Javan (also "Javanese")

• Johor → Johorean

• Judea → Judean

• Kansas → Kansan

• Karelia → Karelian

• Kayah State → Kayahan

• Kedah → Kedahan

• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa → Pathan

• Liguria → Ligurian

• Louisiana → Louisianan (also "Louisianian")

• Madeira → Madeiran

• Malacca → Malaccan

• Majorca → Majorcan

• Mandalay Region → Mandalayan

• Manitoba → Manitoban

• Massachusetts → Massachusettsan

• Masuria → Masurian

• Minnesota → Minnesotan

• Menorca → Menorcan

• Mississippi → Mississippian

• Missouri → Missourian

• Moluccas → Moluccan

• Montana → Montanan

• Moravia → Moravian

• Nebraska → Nebraskan

• Nevada → Nevadan

• New Jersey → New Jerseyan

• New Mexico → New Mexican

• New South Wales → New South Welshman

• Newfoundland and Labrador → Newfoundlander or Labradorian (also "Labradurian")

• Normandy → Norman

• North Carolina → North Carolinian (also "Carolinian", see also South Carolina below)

• North Dakota → North Dakotan

• Northwest Territories → Northwest Territorian

• Nova Scotia → Nova Scotian

• Ohio → Ohioan

• Oklahoma → Oklahoman

• Ontario → Ontarian

• Oregon → Oregonian

• Papua → Papuan

• Patagonia → Patagonian

• Pennsylvania → Pennsylvanian

• Pomerania → Pomeranian

• Puerto Rico → Puerto Rican

• Samogitia → Samogitian

• Sabah → Sabahan

• Sardinia → Sardinian

• Saskatchewan → Saskatchewanian (also "Saskatchewanite")

• Silesia → Silesian

• South Australia → South Australian

• South Dakota → South Dakotan

• Styria → Styrian

• Sumatra → Sumatran

• Tahiti → Tahitian

• Tasmania → Tasmanian (informally Taswegian)

• Tennessee → Tennesseean

• Terengganu → Terengganese

• Texas → Texan

• Thuringia → Thuringian

• Transnistria → Transnistrian

• Transylvania → Transylvanian

• Umbria → Umbrian

• Utah → Utahn

• Victoria → Victorian

• Virginia → Virginian

• Wake Island → Wakean

• Wallachia → Wallachian

• Western Australia → Western Australian or West Australian (informally, Westralian)

• West Papua → West Papuan

• Westphalia → Westphalian

Cities

• Aberdeen → Aberdonians

• Adelaide → Adelaidian

• Alexandria → Alexandrians

• Albuquerque → Albuquerqueans (also “Burqueños” or the feminine “Burqueñas”)

• Annapolis → Annapolitans

• Atlanta → Atlantans

• Baltimore → Baltimoreans

• Bath → Bathonians

• Bristol → Bristolians

• Brockton → Brocktonians

• Bogotá → Bogotans

• Canberra → Canberrans

• Cape Town - Capetonians

• Charlotte → Charlotteans

• Chicago → Chicagoans

• Cincinnati → Cincinnatians

• Coventry → Coventrians ^[14]

• Danu → Danuans

• Derby → Derbeians

• Dundee → Dundonians

• El Paso → El Pasoans, El Paseños

• Galway → Galwegians

• Glasgow → Glaswegians

• Hanoi → Hanoians

• Hobart → Hobartan

• Indianapolis → Indianapolitans

• Jakarta → Jakartans

• Kalamazoo → Kalamazooans

• Kiev → Kievans

• Kolkata → Calcuttans

• Las Vegas → Las Vegans

• Manchester → Mancunians

• Manila → Manilans (also “Manileños” or the feminine “Manileñas”)

• Mecca → Meccans

• Medina → Medinans

• Miami → Miamians

• Milwaukee → Milwaukeeans

• Minneapolis → Minneapolitans

• Naypyidaw → Naypyidawan

• Oklahoma City → Oklahoma Cityans

• Ottawa → Ottawans

• Philadelphia → Philadelphians

• Pisa → Pisans

• Regina → Reginans

• Riga → Rigans

• Rome → Romans

• Sacramento → Sacramentans

• San Antonio → San Antonians

• San Diego → San Diegans

• San Francisco → San Franciscans

• San Jose → San Joseans

• Sarasota → Sarasotans

• Sioux City → Sioux Cityans

• Springville → Springvillians

• Sofia → Sofians

• St. Louis → St. Louisans

• Surabaya → Surabayans

• Thebes → Thebans

• Toledo, Ohio → Toledoans

• Tucson → Tucsonans

• Tulsa → Tulsans

• Valencia → Valencians

• Vilnius → Vilnians

• Yuma → Yumians

-ian

Countries

• Argentina → Argentinian (also "Argentine")

• Artsakh → Artsakhian

• Azerbaijan → Azerbaijanian (also "Azerbaijani")

• Bahamas → Bahamian

• Barbados → Barbadian (also "Bajan")

• Belarus → Belarusian

• Belgium → Belgian

• Bermuda → Bermudian

• Brazil → Brazilian

• Cameroon → Cameroonian

• Canada → Canadian

• Cayman Islands → Caymanian

• Chad → Chadian

• Comoros → Comorian

• Ecuador → Ecuadorian

• Egypt → Egyptian

• Ghana → Ghanaian

• Grenada → Grenadian

• Iran → Iranian

• Italy → Italian

• Jordan → Jordanian

• Laos → Laotian

• Maldives → Maldivian

• Palestine → Palestinian

• Peru → Peruvian

• Saint Vincent → Vincentian

• Trinidad and Tobago → Trinidadian or Tobagonian (also "Trinbagonian")

• Ukraine → Ukrainian

States, provinces, counties, and cities

• Aarhus → Aarhusian

• Adelaide → Adelaidian

• Alabama → Alabamian

• Argyll → Argathelian

• Athens → Athenian

• Ayeyarwady Region → Ayeyarwadian

• Ballarat → Ballaratian

• Banten → Bantenian (also "Bantenese" and "Banteners")

• Birmingham, Alabama → Birminghamian

• Blackburn → Blackburnian

• Blackpool → Blackpudlian

• Bangkok → Bangkokian

• Boston → Bostonian

• Bradford → Bradfordian

• Brighton → Brightonian

• Brisbane → Brisbanian (also "Brisbanite")

• Bristol → Bristolian

• Burgundy → Burgundian

• Calgary → Calgarian

• Canary Islands → Canarian

• Canterbury, New Zealand → Cantabrian

• Cardiff → Taff

• Castile → Castilian

• Chelmsford → Chelmsfordian

• Chester → Cestrian

• Chin State → Chinian

• Chittagong → Chittagonian

• Christchurch → Christchurchian (also "Christchurcher")

• Cirebon → Cirebonian

• Corinth → Corinthian

• Coventry → Coventrian

• Cumbria → Cumbrian

• Darwin → Darwinian

• Dayton → Daytonian

• Devon → Devonian

• Duluth → Duluthian

• Edmonton → Edmontonian

• Florida → Floridian

• Fort Worth → Fort Worthian

• Fredericton → Frederictonian

• Gibraltar → Gibraltarian

• Greenville → Greenvillian

• Hamilton → Hamiltonian

• Harrow → Harrovian

• Hartlepool → Hartlepudlian

• Hereford → Herefordian

• Hesse → Hessian

• Hobart → Hobartian

• Houston → Houstonian

• Isles of Scilly → Scillonian

• Iowa City → Iowa Citian

• Jessup → Jessupian

• Kachin State → Kachinian

• Kansas City → Kansas Citian

• Kentucky → Kentuckian

• Kingston → Kingstonian

• Lancashire → Lancastrian

• Lancaster → Lancastrian

• Lesbos → Lesbian

• Lethbridge → Lethbridgian

• Liverpool → Liverpudlian (also, though insulting and a negative term "Scouser")

• Louisiana → Louisianian (also "Louisianan")

• Louisville → Louisvillian

• Madison → Madisonian

• Madrid → Madrilenian

• Maharashtra → Maharashtrian

• McKinney → McKinnian

• Melbourne → Melburnian

• Memphis → Memphian

• Michigan → Michiganian or Michigander

• Nelson → Nelsonian

• New Guinea → New Guinian

• New Orleans → New Orleanian

• North Carolina → North Carolinian

• Northern Territory → Territorian

• Ohio → Ohioan

• Oregon → Oregonian

• Paris → Parisian

• Perlis → Perlisian

• Perak → Perakian

• Peterborough → Peterborian

• Phoenix → Phoenician

• Plymouth → Plymothian

• Port Harcourt → Harcourtian

• Preston, Lancashire →Prestonian

• Prince George's County → Prince Georgian

• Rivers State → Riverian

• Rochester, New York → Rochesterian

• Rockwall, Texas → Rockwallian

• Rockwall County, Texas → Rockwallian

• Sarawak → Sarawakian

• Saskatchewan → Saskatchewanian

• Saskatoon → Saskatonian

• Savannah → Savannahian^[15]

• Sicily → Sicilian

• Solihull → Silhillian

• South Carolina → South Carolinian

• Stockport → Stopfordian

• Swindon → Swindonian

• Tanintharyi Region → Tanintharian

• Tel Aviv, Israel → Tel Avivian

• Thrace → Thracian

• Towcester → Towcestrian

• Tuban, East Java → Tubanian

• Washington → Washingtonian

• Wellington → Wellingtonian

• Wilmington → Wilmingtonian

• Yukon → Yukonian

-anian

• Guam → Guamanian

• Mawlamyine → Mawlamanian

-nian

• Bendigo → Bendigonian

• Buffalo → Buffalonian

• Manchester → Mancunian

• Naga → Naganian

• Panama → Panamanian

• Sligo → Sligonian

• Tampa → Tampanian

• Tobago → Tobagonian

• Torquay → Torquinian

• Trinidad & Tobago → Trinbagonian

• Wa → Wanian

-in(e)

• Argentina → Argentine (and less commonly as "Argentinian" or "Argentinean")

• Byzantium → Byzantine

• Florence → Florentine (also Latin "Florentia")

• The Levant → Levantine

• Montenegro → Montenegrin

• Palatinate → Palatine

• Philippines → Philippine or Filipino (feminine: Filipina, see below)

• Philistia → Philistine

-a(ñ/n)o/a, -e(ñ/n)o/a, or -i(ñ/n)o/a

Countries and regions

• Cebu → Cebuanos

• El Salvador → Salvadoreños (also "Salvadorans")

• New Mexico → Neomexicanos, Neomejicanos (also "New Mexicans")

• Philippines → Filipinos

Cities

• Albuquerque → Burqueños (also “Albuquerqueans”)

• Belo Horizonte → Belo-horizontinos

• Buenos Aires → Porteños

• Cavite → Caviteños

• Davao City → Davaoeños

• Los Angeles → Angelenos

• Madrid → Madrileños

• Manila → Manileños (also “Manilans”)

• São Paulo → Paulistanos

• Zamboanga City → Zamboangueño people

-ite

• Akron → Akronites

• Ann Arbor → Ann Arborites

• Austin → Austinites

• Baku → Bakuvites

• Bergen County, New Jersey → Bergenites

• Boulder → Boulderites

• Brisbane → Brisbanites (also "Brisbanian")

• Bronx → Bronxites

• Brooklyn → Brooklynites^[16]

• Carson City, Nevada → Carsonites

• Chennai → Chennaiites

• Dallas → Dallasites

• Decatur → Decaturites

• Delhi → Delhites

• Denton, Texas → Dentonites

• Denver → Denverites

• Dhaka → Dhakaites (also "Dhakai" or "Dhakaiya")

• Dubai → Dubaiites

• Dunedin → Dunedinites

• Durban → Durbanites

• Erie, Pennsylvania → Erieites

• Gaya → Gayaites

• Irmo, South Carolina → Irmites

• Israel → Israelites (also "Israeli", depending on the usage; see below)

• Istanbul → Istanbulites

• Jerusalem → Jerusalemites

• Karachi → Karachiites

• Kerala → Keralites (also Malayali or Malayalee)

• Kweyol → Kweyolites

• Manhattan → Manhattanites

• Mon State → Monites

• Moscow → Muscovites (also Latin "Muscovia")

• Montpelier, Vermont → Montpelierites

• Mumbai → Mumbaiites, Mumbaikars

• New Hampshire → New Hampshirites

• Oban → Obanites

• Odessa → Odessites

• Pahang → Pahangite (also Pahangese)

• Patna → Patnaites

• Penang → Penangite

• Perth → Perthites (also "Perthian" and "Perthling")

• Pullman → Pullmanites

• Putney → Putneyites

• Queens → Queensites^[17]

• Reading → Readingites

• Reno, Nevada → Renoites

• Ruskin, Florida → Ruskinites

• Saint Paul, Minnesota → Saint Paulites

• Seattle → Seattleites

• Seoul → Seoulites

• Shiloh → Shilonites (as in: "Ahijah the Shilonite")

• Shillong → Shillongite (also "Nong Shillong" and "Nong Sor")

• Spokane → Spokanites

• Sydney → Sydneyites (also "Sydneysider")

• Telangana→ Telanganites

• Tokyo → Tokyoites

• Vancouver → Vancouverites

• Vizag → Vizagites

• Wenham, Massachusetts → Wenhamites

• Westchester County, New York → Westchesterites

• Whittier, California → Whittierites

• Winston-Salem → Winston-Salemites

• Wisconsin → Wisconsinites

• Wrexham → Wrexhamites

• Wyoming → Wyomingites

• Yangon → Yangonites

-(e)r

• Amsterdam → Amsterdammers

• Auckland → Aucklanders

• Bakersfield, CA → Bakersfielder

• Beijing → Beijingers

• Belgrade → Belgraders

• Berlin → Berliners

• Bucharest → Bucharesters

• Budapest → Budapesters

• Cleveland → Clevelanders

• Cook Islands → Cook Islanders

• Copenhagen → Copenhageners

• Detroit → Detroiters

• Dublin → Dubliners

• Dresden → Dresdeners

• Fife → Fifers

• Frankfurt → Frankfurters

• Greenland → Greenlanders (also "Greenlandic")

• Hamburg → Hamburgers

• Hannover → Hannoveraners

• Hong Kong → Hongkonger/Hong Kongers (also "Hong Kongese"/"Hongkongese")

• Iceland → Icelanders (also "Icelandic")

• Kosovo → Kosovars

• Leeds → Loiners

• Leipzig → Leipzigers

• Liechtenstein → Liechtensteiners

• Little Rock, AR → Little Rockers

• London → Londoners

• Lorraine → Lorrainers

• Luxembourg → Luxembourgers

• Maine → Mainers

• Maryland → Marylanders

• Michigan → Michiganders

• Montreal → Montrealers

• Netherlands → Netherlanders (also "Dutchman" and "Hollander")

• New Brunswick → New Brunswickers

• New England → New Englanders

• New York → New Yorkers

• New Zealand → New Zealanders

• Newfoundland → Newfoundlanders

• Oakland → Oaklanders

• Pangkal Pinang → Pangkalpinangers

• Pittsburgh → Pittsburghers

• Prague → Praguers

• Prince Edward Island → Prince Edward Islander

• Puntland → Puntlanders

• Quebec → Quebeckers or Quebecers (though see below; irregular forms)

• Queensland → Queenslanders

• Rhineland → Rhinelanders

• Rhode Island → Rhode Islanders

• Rotterdam → Rotterdammers

• Saigon → Saigoners

• Solomon Islands → Solomon Islanders

• Stockholm → Stockholmers

• Stuttgart → Stuttgarters

• Tallinn → Tallinners

• Vermont → Vermonters

• Winnipeg → Winnipeggers

• Yellowknife → Yellowknifers

• York (UK) → Yorker (also "Yorkie")

• Yukon → Yukoners

• Zurich → Zurichers

-ish

• Åland → Ålandish people

• Bangka Island → Bangkish

• Britain, Great Britain and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland → British people (demonym "Briton")

• Cornwall → Cornish people (demonym "Cornishman, Cornishwoman")

• Denmark → Danish people (demonym "Dane")

• England → English people (demonym "Englishman, Englishwoman")

• Finland → Finnish people (demonym "Finn" or "Finnic")

• Flanders → Flemish people (demonym "Fleming")

• Ireland → Irish people (demonym "Irishman, Irishwoman")

• Kurdistan → Kurdish people (demonym "Kurd")

• Kent → Kentish people

• Luxembourg → Luxembourgish people (demonym "Luxembourger")

• Northern Ireland → Northern Irish people

• Poland → Polish people (demonym "Pole")

• Scotland → Scottish people (demonym "Scot" or "Scotsman, Scotswoman")

• Spain → Spanish people (demonym "Spaniard")

• Sweden → Swedish people (demonym "Swede")

• Turkey → Turkish people (demonym "Turk")

-ien

• Niger → Nigerien

-ene

• Cairo → Cairene

• Cyrenaica → Cyrene

• Damascus → Damascene

• Nazareth → Nazarene

• Palmyra → Palmyrene

• Slovenia → Slovene (also "Slovenian")

-ensian

• Kingston-upon-Hull (UK) → Hullensian

• Leeds (UK) → Leodensian

• Reading (UK) → Readingensian

-ard

• Spain → Spaniard (also "Spanish")

• Savoy → Savoyard

• Montagne → Montagnard

• Shafter, CA → Shaftard

-ese, -lese, -vese, -gese or -nese

• Abruzzo → Abruzzese

• Ajman → Ajmanese

• Aragon → Aragonese

• Aceh → Acehnese

• Assam → Assamese

• Bali → Balinese

• Bedenggaluh → Bedenggaluhese

• Bengal/Bangladesh → Bengalese (also "Bengali" or "Bangladeshi" see below)

• Benin → Beninese (also "Beninois")

• Bern → Bernese

• Bhutan → Bhutanese

• Bologna → Bolognese

• Burkina Faso → Burkinese (also "Burkinabé")

• Calabria → Calabrese

• Cirebon, West Java → Cirebonese

• China → Chinese

• Congo → Congolese

• Da Lat → Dalatese

• East Timor → East Timorese

• Faroe Islands → Faroese

• Emirate of Fujairah → Fujairahnese

• Gabon → Gabonese (also Gabonais/e)

• Genoa → Genovese

• Grenadines → Grenadinese

• Guangdong ("Canton") → Cantonese

• Guyana → Guyanese

• Hainan → Hainanese

• Hong Kong → Hongkongese

• Hunan → Hunanese

• Japan → Japanese

• Java → Javanese (also "Javan")

• Kawthaung → Kawthaunggese

• Kelantan → Kelantanese

• Kokang → Kokanggese

• Lebanon → Lebanese

• Macao → Macanese

• Malta → Maltese

• Manila → Manilese

• Marshall Islands → Marshallese

• Milan → Milanese

• Myanmar/Burma → Burmese (though see below; irregular forms)

• Negeri Sembilan → Negeri Sembilanese

• Pahang → Pahangese (also Pahangite)

• Pa Laung → Palaunggese

• Pa'O → Paonese

• Piedmont → Piedmontese

• Pittsburgh → Pittsburghese (as used routinely by residents of Pittsburgh referring only to the accent/dialect)

• Portugal → Portuguese

• Rakhine State → Arakanese

• Ras Al Khaimah → Khaimahnese

• Rwanda → Rwandese (also "Rwandan")

• Saba → Sabanese

• Sagaing Region → Sagainggese

• San Marino → Sammarinese

• Sark → Sarkese

• Senegal → Senegalese

• Shan State → Shanese

• Shanghai → Shanghaiese

• Emirate of Sharjah → Sharjahnese

• Siam → Siamese

• Sikkim → Sikkimese

• (South) Sudan → (South) Sudanese

• Suriname → Surinamese

• Taiwan → Taiwanese

• Taunggyi → Taunggese

• Tegal, Central Java → Tegalese

• Togo → Togolese

• Turin → Torinese

• Umm Al Quwain → Quwainese

• Vienna → Viennese

• Vietnam → Vietnamese

-i(e)

• Allahabad → Allahabadi

• Azawad → Azawadi

• Azerbaijan → Azeri (more commonly "Azerbaijani", and sometimes "Azerbaijanian")

• Azra → Azragi

• Balochistan → Balochistani (also "Baloch", "Baluch", or "Baluchi")

• Bahrain → Bahraini

• Bangladesh → Bangladeshi (also "Bengali" or "Bengalese")

• Barisal → Barisali (also "Borishali")

• Beirut → Beiruti

• Bengal → Bengali

• Bharat → Bharatiya

• Bihar → Bihari

• Birmingham (UK) → Brummie

• Dagestan → Dagestani

• Dhaka → Dhakai (also "Dhakaiya", or "Dhakaite")

• Eswatini (Swaziland) → Swazi, Swati

• Faridabad → Faridabadi

• Glasgow → Weegie

• Gujarat → Gujarati

• Hayastan → Hayastani (also "Armenian")

• Hazara → Hazaragi (also "Azragi")

• Hyderabad → Hyderabadi

• Iraq → Iraqi

• Israel → Israeli (in the modern State of Israel)

• Kerala → Malayali (also "Malayalee", "Mallu", or "Keralite")

• Kashmir → Kashmiri

• Kazakhstan → Kazakhstani (also "Kazakh")

• Kurdistan → Kurdistani (also "Kurdish", "Kurd")

• Kuwait → Kuwaiti

• Kyrgyzstan → Kyrgyzstani (also "Kyrgyz")

• Lahore → Lahori

• Nepal → Nepali (also "Nepalese")

• Oman → Omani

• Pakistan → Pakistani

• Punjab → Punjabi

• Qatar → Qatari

• Rajasthan → Rajasthani

• Rangpur → Rangpuri

• Sindh → Sindhi

• Somalia → Somali

• Sylhet → Sylheti (also "Siloti")

• Tajikistan → Tajikistani (also "Tajik")

• Tel Aviv → Tel Avivi (also "Tel Avivim" (plural))

• Thailand → Thai

• Trinidad and Tobago → Trini

• Turkmenistan → Turkmenistani (also "Turkmen")

• United Arab Emirates → Emirati

• Uzbekistan → Uzbekistani (also "Uzbek")

• Yemen → Yemeni

• Yorkshire → Yorkie (also "Yorkshireman", or "Tyke")

-ic

• Finland → Finnic (also "Finnish")

• Antarctica → Antarctic

• Greenland → Greenlandic (also "Greenlander")

• Iceland → Icelandic (also "Icelander")

• Iran → Iranic (also "Iranian" and "Irani")

• Slav → Slavic

-iot(e)

• Chios → Chiot

• Corfu → Corfiot

• Cyprus → Cypriot ("Cyprian" before 1960 independence of Cyprus)

• Phanar → Phanariote

-asque

• Menton → Mentonasque

• Basque Country → Basque

• Monaco → Monagasque (also Monacan)

-(we)gian

• Dawei → Dawegian

• Galloway → Galwegian

• Galway → Galwegian

• Glasgow → Glaswegian

• Magway Region → Magwegian

• Norway → Norwegian

-onian

• Aberdeen → Aberdonian

• Bath → Bathonian

• Connacht → Connachtonian

• Cork → Corkonian^[18]

• Dundee → Dundonian

• Halifax → Haligonian

• Newport → Newportonian

• Oxford → Oxonian

• Toronto → Torontonian

• Truro → Truronian

-vian

• Barrow-in-Furness → Barrovian^[19]

• Harrow → Harrovian

• Moose Jaw → Moose Javian

• Oamaru → Oamaruvian

• Oslo → Oslovian

• Peru → Peruvian

• Warsaw → Warsovian

• Waterloo → Waterluvian^[20]

• Wythenshawe → Wythenshavian

-ois(e), -ais(e)

• Benin → Beninois(e) (also Beninese)

• Gabon → Gabonais(e) (also Gabonese)

• Seychelles → Seychellois(e)

• Quebec → Quebecois(e) (also Quebecker, most common within Canada)

From Latin or Latinization

• Alsace → Alsatian (Alsatia)

• Annapolis → Annapolitan

• Ashbourne → Ashburnian (Essiburn)

• Cambridge → Cantabrigian

• Chester → Cestrian

• Colchester → Colcestrian

• Courland → Couronian (Curonia)

• Exeter → Exonian

• Guernsey → Sarnian (Sarnia)

• Halifax → Haligonian

• Hispanic America → Hispanic (Hispania)

• Leeds → Leodensian (Ledesia)

• Lviv → Leopolitan (Leopolis)

• Manchester → Mancunian (Mancunia)

• Melbourne → Melburnian (Melburnia)

• Minneapolis → Minneapolitan

• Naples → Neapolitan (Neapolis)

• Newcastle → Novocastrian (Novum Castrum)

• Orkney Islands → Orcadian (Orcadia)

• Oswestry → Oswestrian (Oswestria)

• Shropshire → Salopian (Salopia)

• Tripoli → Tripolitan (Tripolis)

• Venice → Venetian

• Wolverhampton → Wulfrunian

Prefixation

• Botswana → Motswana (singlular), Batswana (plural)

• Burundi → Umurundi (singular), Abarundi (plural)

• Lesotho → Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)

• Kiribati → i-Kiribati (also Kiribatian)

• Vanuatu → Ni-Vanuatu (also Vanuatuan)

Non-standard examples

Formal

• Albuquerque → Burqueños

• Buenos Aires → Porteños

• Indiana → Hoosier

• Los Angeles → Angelenos^[21]

• Rio de Janeiro → Cariocas

• Massachusetts → Bay Staters^[22][23]

• Nunavut → Nunavummiut or Nunavummiuq (sing.)

• Valparaíso → Porteños

• Minas Gerais → Mineiros

• São Paulo → Paulistas

• Rio Grande do Sul → Gaúchos

• Tierra Caliente → Calentano/a or Guache/a (Huache/a)

Informal

• Australia → Aussie

• Birmingham, England → Brummie

• Brisbane, Australia→ Brisvegan

• Canada → Canuck

• Connecticut → Nutmegger

• Jersey → Jèrriais (adjectival), Jerseyman (demonym)

• Kansas → Jayhawker

• Liverpool, England → Scouser or Liverpudlian

• London, England → Cockney (Specifically: One hailing from East London, England)

• Middlesbrough, England → Smoggie

• Newcastle, Australia → Novocastrian

• Newcastle upon Tyne, England → Geordie

• Newfoundland, Canada → Newfie

• New Zealand → Kiwi

• North Carolina → Tar Heel

• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States → Yinzer

• Scotland → Jock^[24]

• Sunderland, England → Mackem

• Sydney, Australia → Sydneysider

• Ohio → Buckeye

• Oklahoma → Okie, Sooner

• Oldham, England → Yonner

• Tasmania → Taswegian^[25]

Ethnic demonyms

• Abkhazia → Abkhazians

• Afghanistan → Afghans

• Arab World → Arabs

• Azerbaijan → Azerbaijanis, Azeris

• Bengal → Bengali

• Bosnia → Bosniaks

• Belgium → Belgians

• Canada → Canadians

• Chechnya → Chechens

• Cornwall → Cornishman, Cornishwoman

• Croatia → Croats

• Czech Republic → Czechs

• Denmark → Danes

• England → Englishman, Englishwoman

• Eswatini (Swaziland) → Swazis

• Finland → Finn

• Flanders → Flemings

• France → Frenchman, Frenchwoman

• Indonesia → Indonesians

• Ingushetia → Ingushians

• Iran → Iranian, Persian

• Ireland → Irishman, Irishwoman

• Jersey → Jerseyman, Jerseywoman

• Kalmykia → Kalmyks

• Kazakhstan → Kazakhs

• Kosovo → Kosovars

• Kerry → Kerrymans

• KwaZulu → Zulus

• Kurdistan → Kurds

• Kyrgyzstan → Kyrgyzs

• Lapland → Lapps

• Luxembourg → Luxembourgers

• Madagascar → Malagasys, Madagascans

• Mongolia → Mongols

• Montenegro → Montenegrins

• Morocco → Moors, Moroccans

• Netherlands → Dutch people

• New South Wales → New South Welshman

• Odisha → Odias

• Philippines - Filipinos

• Poland → Poles

• Scotland → Scots, Scotsman, Scotswoman

• Serbia → Serbs

• Slovakia → Slovaks

• Slovenia → Slovenes

• Somalia → Somalis

• Spain → Spaniards

• Sweden → Swedes

• Tajikistan → Tajiks

• Tamil Nadu → Tamils

• Tatarstan →Tatars

• Thailand → Thais

• Turkey → Turks

• Turkmenistan → Turkmens

• Ulster → Ulsterman

• United States of America → Americans

• Uzbekistan → Uzbeks

• Wales → Welsh people

• Yorkshire → Yorkshireman, Yorkshirewoman

Fiction

See also

• List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada List of adjectivals and demonyms for Cuba List of adjectivals and demonyms for India List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions

• List of regional nicknames

• Macedonia naming dispute

• Nationality