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Strong Nuclear Force

Strong Nuclear Force

Thestrong nuclear forceis one of four or five(see Fifth Force) fundamental forces in nature; the other three/four include gravity, electromagnetism, the weak force and dark photon force (see Fifth Force). As its name implies, the strong force is thestrongest force of the four. It is responsible forbinding together the fundamental particles of matterto form larger particles. [undefined]

The strong nuclear force is the nuclear binding force, providing attraction between a)protons and other protons, b)protons and neutrons, and c)neutrons and neutrons.

It keeps the nucleus of atoms together.

[undefined] A term frequently used in conjunction with atomic nuclei isnucleon. A nucleon is very simply a proton or neutron, especially when used with respect to an atomic nucleus. [undefined] [undefined]

The strong nuclear force also governs how quarks bind together into protons and neutrons and how these particles form atomic nuclei.

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Four fundamental forces relative strengths comparison: [undefined] [undefined] [1]

ForceRelative StrengthExchange or Carrier ParticleRange(meters)
Gravity1 or 100GravitonInfinity
Weak Nuclear Force1025W and Z Boson10-18or 0.1% of the diameter of a proton
Electromagnetism1036PhotonInfinity
Strong Nuclear Force1038Gluon, [Quark]10-15or diameter of medium sized nucleus

As seen in the above table - gravity is the weakest force of the four, although its range is infinite.

The Strong Nuclear Force is strongest although its normal operating range is atomic or about 10-15meters.

The Coulomb force wherein 1) protons repel each other (same charges repel each other), 2) protons and electrons attract (opposite charges) and 3) electrons repel each other - is part of the electromagnetic force; electric charges can be zero(proton - electron), negative(electrons) or positive(protons). [1] [undefined]

Atomic nuclei store massive amounts energy inside them.

For example, element Helium normally has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in its nucleus = 4 nucleons.

μ or mu is frequently used to represent an atomic mass unit (basically, mass of atomic nuclei since electrons haverelativelynegligible mass). [undefined] Helium's total nuclear energy (2 neutrons, 2 protons,4.0026 amu) is about3,727.6 million electronVolts(MeV). Mass Difference

See also: Mass Difference, Gravitational Waves, Fifth Force, Dark Energy

Exhibits:

References

[1]
Citation Linkhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.eduGeorgia State University - Hyperphysics Dept., "Fundamental Forces", by Physics-Astronomy Dept.: Strengths, ranges, particles, Coulomb force.
May 25, 2016, 10:55 PM
[2]
Citation Linklivescience.comLive Science, "What is the strong force?", by Jim Lucas, 11/1/14: "The strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature; the other three are gravity, electromagnetism and the weak force.As its name implies, the strong force is the strongest force of the four.It is responsible for binding together the fundamental particles of matter to form larger particles."
May 8, 2016, 3:25 PM
[3]
Citation Linkquora.comQuora, "What is the atomic mass of helium?", answered by Jeff Menegas, 10/12/15: " The atomic mass is equivalent to the mass of the nucleus.The mass of the electrons makes a negligible contribution to the overall mass of the atom.Themass of a proton is 1.007276 amu, and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu. Sincethe nucleus of a helium 4 atom is made up of 2 neutrons and 2 protons, the sum total of these components is 4.031882 amu. Oneamu, atomic mass unit, is defined as one twelfth of the mass of a carbon 12 atom.This isnot the mass of the helium nucleus, only the mass of the components when they are measured separately. When theyare brought together, an adjustment has to be made for something called "binding energy." The theoryof relativity states that matter and energy are two forms of the same thing, so the overall nucleus has a mass slightly less, 4.002602 amu. The difference,0.029280 amu is the energy that is released when the 4 components are brought together. This correspondsto 38301 keV."
May 8, 2016, 3:47 PM
[4]
Citation Linkeveripedia-storage.s3.amazonaws.comDark Photon Force/Dark Energy, source: http://futurism.com/may-the-fifth-force-be-with-you/
Jun 1, 2016, 10:28 PM
[5]
Citation Linkeveripedia-storage.s3.amazonaws.comOnline-Sciences.com, Nuclear Forces in Nature.
May 8, 2016, 3:34 PM
[6]
Citation Linknature.comNature, "Quantum computer makes first high-energy physics simulation", by Davide Castelvecchi, 6/22/16: The strong nuclear force..., governs how quarks bind together into protons and neutrons and how these particles form atomic nuclei, says Christine Muschik, a theoretical physicist at the University of Innsbruck in Austria.Researchers hope to scale up their techniques so that they can simulate the strong nuclear force.This may take years, Muschik says, and will require not only breakthroughs in hardware, but also the development of new quantum algorithms.These scaled-up quantum computers could help in understanding what happens during the high-speed collision of two atomic nuclei, for instance.Faced with such a problem, classical computer simulations just fall apart, says Andreas Kronfeld, a theoretical physicist who works on simulations of the strong nuclear force at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) near Chicago, Illinois...
Jul 8, 2016, 6:14 AM
[7]
Citation Linksolar-center.stanford.eduStanford Solar Center, "Gravity is Really Weak?", by Jeff Vogtschaller, 2014: [It truly is, in "relative terms."] " The "weak" nuclear force is 10 to the 25th power stronger than Gravity.That's 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times stronger!Electromagnetism - the force we know best - is 10 to the 36th power stronger than Gravity.That's 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times stronger!The "strong" nuclear force is 10 to the 38th power stronger than Gravity.That's 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times stronger!"
May 25, 2016, 10:44 PM
[8]
Citation Linkteacher.nsrl.rochester.eduNSRL.Rochester.edu, "Chapter 22 - Electric Force and Electric Charge", by Frank Wolfs: Coulomb force, electric charges.
May 25, 2016, 11:15 PM
[9]
Citation Linkthestargarden.co.ukThe Star Garden, "The Strong Nuclear Force": "The strong nuclear force is the nuclear binding force, the force that provides the attraction between protons and protons, proton and neutrons, and neutrons and neutrons, keeping the nucleus of atoms together... it requires a lot of energy to break the strong force and split the nucleus of an atom."
May 8, 2016, 3:31 PM
[10]
Citation Linkthefreedictionary.comThr Free Dictionary, definition of nucleon: "noun.in General Physics: a proton or neutron, esp one present in an atomic nucleus."
May 8, 2016, 3:38 PM
[11]
Citation Linkhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.eduGeorgia State University - Hyperphysics Dept., "Exchange Forces", by Physics-Astronomy Dept.: Four fundamental forces, exchange particles.
May 25, 2016, 10:48 PM