European Solidarity (Ukrainian: Європейська солідарність, Yevropeys'ka Solidarnist') is a political party in Ukraine. However, it has its roots in a parliamentary group called Solidarity dating from 2000^[9] and has existed since in various forms as a political outlet for Petro Poroshenko.

The party with its then name Petro Poroshenko Bloc won 132 of the 423 contested seats in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, more than any other party.^[10][11]

In August 2015, the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform merged into the party.^[12] But in May 2019 UDAR undid this merge.^[13]

In October 2017, the party had about 30,000 members; former members of Party of Regions are denied membership.^[14]

The party started in 2000 as a parliamentary faction called "Solidarity",^[9] set up by Petro Poroshenko, until then a member of the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction.^[15][16] Taras Kuzio claims that this happened with the help of then President Kuchma, who allegedly wanted to limit the influence of the SDPU(u).^[15] Many deputies elected in 1998 for the Peasant Party of Ukraine and Hromada joined the new parliamentary faction.^[15][17] Based on his parliamentary faction Poroshenko eventually established the Party of Ukraine's Solidarity.^[17][18] In 2000 that party merged into what would become the Party of Regions (later to become for a period the biggest party of Ukraine^[19]) and Poroshenko became a Party of Regions deputy.^[17]

In 2001, Poroshenko expressed interest in the creation of the Our Ukraine Bloc.^[17] However, in order to receive quote in Our Ukraine he had to join the bloc with his whole party.^[17][20] The Party of Ukraine's Solidarity failed to break away from the Party of Regions, therefore Poroshenko decided to create a new phantom party with a similar name, the party "Solidarity".^[17] At the 2002 parliamentary elections Solidarity was able to join Our Ukraine.^[21] Top party members who received a parliamentary mandate on party list of the Our Ukraine electoral bloc in 2002 were Volodymyr Plyutynsky, Volodymyr Makeyenko, Eduard Matviychuk, Anatoliy Korchynsky, while a single constituency in Vinnytsia Oblast was won by Petro Poroshenko.

After 2002, Solidarity stopped participating in elections.^[9][22] In 2004, the party left Our Ukraine, and was represented by 23 deputies in the Verkhovna Rada (the forming of new factions whose parties were not directly elected into parliament was not unique in Ukraine at the time.)^[23] In March 2013 the Ministry of Justice asked the Central Election Commission of Ukraine for evidence that Solidarity had not been involved in elections since 2003.^[17]

On 17 June 2013, Fatherland member of parliament Yuriy Stets became head of the party.^[20] Stets was a member of the united opposition's political council.^[20]

On 16 October 2013, a court cancelled the registration certificate of Solidarity.^[17] The party could have challenged this on appeal, but did not^[17] and was legally eliminated on 31 December 2013 "due to lack of reporting".^[24] and because for more than 10 years had not participated in any election.^[17]

Early in 2014 Poroshenko became leader of the National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE", which was renamed "All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity".^[17][24] By doing so, Poroshenko de facto prolonged the life of Solidarity and de facto merged the National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" into Solidarity^[17][24] (legally the original party "Solidarity" does not exist anymore^[17][24]). National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" was registered in May 2000 under the name All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнська партія миру i єдності, HPEM). It was not allowed to participate in the electoral alliance "Rainbow" in the Ukrainian 2002 parliamentary elections.^[25] In the 2006 elections, the party failed as part of the electoral alliance Yuriy Karmazin Bloc to win parliamentary representation.^[25] In the 2007 elections, the party failed again as part of the All-Ukrainian Community to win parliamentary representation.^[25] After this election (the party) "All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity" was renamed National Alliance of Freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE".^[26] National Alliance of freedom and Ukrainian patriotism "OFFENSIVE" did not participate in the 2012 parliamentary elections.^[27]

In May and June 2014, Ukrayinska Pravda characterised the party ("All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity") as "a myth with no website, unknown phone numbers and non existing addresses".^[17][24] At the 2014 presidential election, Poroshenko was elected President of Ukraine.^{[28][29][30][31][32]}

During a 27 August 2014 party congress, the "All-Ukrainian Union Solidarity" changed its name to "Bloc of Petro Poroshenko" (Ukrainian: Блок Петра Порошенка, Blok Petra Poroshenka) ,^[33] and elected the former Minister of Internal Affairs, Yuriy Lutsenko, as the new leader of the party.^[33]

On 2 September, Vitali Klitschko, then parliamentary leader of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform, stated that since his party and the Petro Poroshenko Bloc had agreed to joint participation in parliamentary elections on 29 March 2014, the two parties were in discussion about running a joint list at the October 26 parliamentary election.^[34] On 15 September it became clear that 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list would be filled by members of UDAR and that UDAR leader Klitschko was at the top of this list, Klitschko vowed not to resign as incumbent Mayor of Kiev.^[35] According to political scientist Tadeusz A. Olszański (in mid-September 2014) this deal with UDAR "enables it to use that party's large-scale structures, which the Poroshenko Bloc itself lacks".^[36]

The party won the parliamentary election with 132 seats, beating the runner-up People's Front, who won 82 seats.^[11] People's Front was first in the nationwide party vote (22.14% against 21.81%) but the party won 69 constituency seats while People's Front won only 18.^[11] On 27 November 2014, the party formed a parliamentary faction of 145 people (at the opening session of the new parliament).^[37]

Top 10 politicians on the party list to the Ukrainian parliament: 1. Vitaliy Klychko, 2. Yuriy Lutsenko, 3. Olha Bohomolets, 4. Volodymyr Hroysman, 5. Mustafa Dzhemilev, 6. Yuliy Mamchur, 7. Maria Matios, 8. Mykola Tomenko, 9. Iryna Herashchenko, 10. Vitaliy Kovalchuk.

On 21 November 2014 the party became a member of the coalition supporting the current second Yatsenyuk government and endorsed nine new ministers for the government.^[38][39]

On March 2015, "Solidarity" was added to the name "Bloc of Petro Poroshenko". On 28 August 2015 UDAR and Petro Poroshenko Bloc officially merged into Petro Poroshenko Bloc.^[12] UDAR party leader Vitali Klitschko became so the new party leader.^[12]

The party was one of the winners of the 2015 Ukrainian local elections.^[40] It did well in West and central Ukraine and Kherson Oblast region.^[41][42]

According to Ukrainian media research of February 2016 22% of the parties' representatives in regional councils and 12% of the parties' parliamentary deputies were former members of the Party of Regions.^[43]

Following the fall of the second Yatsenyuk government, the party joined the coalition that supports the 14 April 2016 installed Groysman Government.^[44] In the weeks prior to this 11 MPs had switched to the faction making forming the coalition possible.^[45][46]

Klitschko resigned as Petro Poroshenko Bloc chairman (on 26 May) after a new law barring him as head of the Kiev City State Administration to be chairman or a member of a political party took effect on 1 May 2016.^[47]

On 18 May 2019 Klitschko announced that UDAR would take part in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election autonomously.^[13]

The party changed its name to its current form on 24 May 2019.^[48] According to party leader Poroshenko this had to be done in order to bring in a new leadership of the party and to win the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election.^[49]

Top 10 politicians on the party list to the Ukrainian parliament in these elections are 1. Petro Poroshenko, 2. Andriy Parubiy, 3. Iryna Herashchenko, 4. Mykhailo Zabrodskyi, 5. Sofia Fedyna, 6. Mustafa Dzhemilev, 7. Yana Zinkevych, 8. Oleh Synyutka, 9. Akhtem Chyihoz, 10. Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze.^[50]

In the 2019 parliamentary election 37% of the party's elected deputies were women.^[51]

The party officially decries populism and advocates for pragmatism and realism.^[52] According to Oleg Varfolomeyev of the Eurasia Daily Monitor the party is a liberal party (and UDAR was as well).^[53] According to Bohdan Butkevych of The Ukrainian Week, the party does not have an ideological unity.^[54] Due to the fact the party was created shortly before the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election and then its "party list was drawn up by taking almost anyone who was ready and willing to invest their own resources".^[54] Hence its parliamentary faction consists of people who "have very different interests, methods of getting into parliament and plans".^[54] (Hence) the party's MPs tend not to vote alike.^[54]

The party broadly reflects Poroshenko's ideology. On 27 August 2014 newly elected party leader Yuriy Lutsenko stated that the Petro Poroshenko Bloc should help Poroshenko implement his election promises.^[55] Official party positions include:^[52]

As to the War in Donbass, the party advocates an end to the conflict by peaceful means.^[36]

Election results for Solidarity political party and Petro Poroshenko Bloc.