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Serie A

Serie A

Serie A (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa]), also called Serie A TIM due to sponsorship by TIM,[1] is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system and the winner is awarded the Scudetto and the Coppa Campioni d'Italia. It has been operating as a round-robin tournament for over ninety years since the 1929–30 season. It had been organized by the Direttorio Divisioni Superiori until 1943 and the Lega Calcio until 2010, when the Lega Serie A was created for the 2010–11 season. Serie A is regarded as one of the best football leagues in the world and it is often depicted as the most tactical national league.[2] Serie A was the world's second-strongest national league in 2014 according to IFFHS.[3] Serie A is ranked third among European leagues according to UEFA's league coefficient, behind La Liga and the Premier League, and ahead of the Bundesliga and Ligue 1, which is based on the performance of Italian clubs in the Champions League and the Europa League during the last five years.[4] Serie A led the UEFA ranking from 1986 to 1988 and from 1990 to 1999.[5]

In its current format, the Italian Football Championship was revised from having regional and interregional rounds, to a single-tier league from the 1929–30 season onwards. The championship titles won prior to 1929 are officially recognised by FIGC with the same weighting as titles that were subsequently awarded. Similarly, the 1945–46 season, when the round-robin was suspended and the league was played over two geographical groups due to the ravages of WWII, is not statistically considered, even if its title is fully official.[6] All the winning teams are recognised with the title of Campione d'Italia ("Champion of Italy"), which is ratified by the Lega Serie A before the start of the next edition of the championship.

The league hosts three of the world's most famous clubs as Juventus, Milan and Internazionale, all founding members of the G-14, a group which represented the largest and most prestigious European football clubs from 2000 to 2008,[7] with the first two also being founding members of its successive organisation, European Club Association (ECA). More players have won the coveted Ballon d'Or award while playing at a Serie A club than any league in the world other than Spain's La Liga,[8] although Spain's La Liga has the highest total number of Ballon d'Or winners. Juventus, Italy's most successful club of the 20th century[9] and the most successful Italian team,[10] is tied for fifth in Europe and eleventh in the world with the most official international titles.[11] The club is also the only one in the world to have won all possible official confederation competitions.[12] Milan is joint third club for official international titles won in the world, with 18.[13] Internazionale, following their achievements in the 2009–10 season, became the first Italian team to have achieved a treble. Inter are also the only team in Italian football history to have never been relegated.[14][15] Juventus, Milan and Inter, along with Roma, Fiorentina, Lazio and Napoli, are known as the Seven Sisters of Italian football.[16][17][18][19][20][61]

Serie A is one of the most storied football leagues in the world. Of the 100 greatest footballers in history chosen by FourFourTwo magazine in 2017, 42 players have played in Serie A, more than any other league in the world.[21] Juventus is the team that has produced the most World Cup champions (25), with Inter (19), Roma (15) and Milan (10), being respectively third, fourth and ninth in that ranking.[22]

Serie A
Organising bodyLega Serie A
Founded1898 (1898)(officially)
1929 (as round-robin)
CountryItaly
ConfederationUEFA
Number of teams20
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toSerie B
Domestic cup(s)Coppa Italia
Supercoppa Italiana
International cup(s)UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
Current championsJuventus (35th title)
(2018–19)
Most championshipsJuventus (35 titles)
Most appearancesPaolo Maldini (647)
Top goalscorerSilvio Piola (274)
TV partnersList of broadcasters
Websitelegaseriea.it [67]
2019–20 Serie A

History

Serie A, as it is structured today, began during the 1929–30 season. From 1898 to 1922, the competition was organised into regional groups. Because of ever growing teams attending regional championships, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) split the CCI (Italian Football Confederation) in 1921. When CCI teams rejoined the FIGC created two interregional divisions renaming Categories into Divisions and splitting FIGC sections into two North-South leagues. In 1926, due to internal crises and fascist pressures, the FIGC changed internal settings, adding southern teams to the national division, ultimately leading to the 1929–30 final settlement. No title was awarded in 1927 after Torino were stripped of the championship by the FIGC. Torino were declared champions in the 1948–49 season following a plane crash near the end of the season in which the entire team was killed.

The Serie A Championship title is often referred to as the scudetto ("small shield") because since the 1923–24 season, the winning team will bear a small coat of arms with the Italian tricolour on their strip in the following season. The most successful club is Juventus with 35 championships, followed by both Milan and Internazionale, with 18 championships apiece. From the 2004–05 season onwards, an actual trophy was awarded to club on the pitch after the last turn of the championship. The trophy, called the Coppa Campioni d'Italia, has officially been used since the 1960–61 season, but between 1961 and 2004 was consigned to the winning clubs at the head office of the Lega Nazionale Professionisti.

In April 2009, Serie A announced a split from Serie B. Nineteen of the twenty clubs voted in favour of the move in an argument over television rights; the relegation-threatened Lecce had voted against the decision. Maurizio Beretta, the former head of Italy's employers' association, became president of the new league.[23][24][25][26]

In April 2016, it was announced that Serie A was selected by the International Football Association Board to test video replays, which were initially private for the 2016–17 season, allowing them to become a live pilot phase, with replay assistance implemented in the 2017–18 season.[27] On the decision, FIGC President Carlo Tavecchio said, "We were among the first supporters of using technology on the pitch and we believe we have everything required to offer our contribution to this important experiment."[28]

Format

Scudetto patch

Scudetto patch

For most of Serie A's history, there were 16 or 18 clubs competing at the top level. Since 2004–05, however, there have been 20 clubs altogether. One season (1947–48) was played with 21 teams for political reasons. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;

  • 18 clubs: 1929–1934

  • 16 clubs: 1934–1943

  • 20 clubs: 1946–1947

  • 21 clubs: 1947–1948

  • 20 clubs: 1948–1952

  • 18 clubs: 1952–1967

  • 16 clubs: 1967–1988

  • 18 clubs: 1988–2004

  • 20 clubs: 2004–present

During the season, which runs from August to May, each club plays each of the other teams twice; once at home and once away, totalling 38 games for each team by the end of the season. Thus, in Italian football a true round-robin format is used. In the first half of the season, called the andata, each team plays once against each league opponent, for a total of 19 games. In the second half of the season, called the ritorno, the teams play in exactly the same order that they did in the first half of the season, the only difference being that home and away situations are switched. Since the 1994–95 season, teams are awarded three points for a win, one point for a draw and no points for a loss.

The top four teams in the Serie A qualify straight to the UEFA Champions League group stages (from the 2017–18 season). Teams finishing fifth and sixth qualify for the UEFA Europa League tournament. A third UEFA Europa League spot is reserved for the winner of the Coppa Italia. If the Coppa Italia champion already qualified for European football by finishing among the top seven teams in Serie A, the seventh-ranked team in Serie A is awarded the UEFA Europa League spot. The three lowest-placed teams are relegated to Serie B.

From 2005–06 season if two or more teams are tied in points (for any place), the deciding tie-breakers are as follows:

  1. Head-to-head records (results and points)

  2. Goal difference of head-to-head games

  3. Goal difference overall

  4. Higher number of goals scored

  5. Draw

Until 2004–05 season, a playoff would be used to determine the champions, European spots or relegation, if the two teams were tied on points. Any play-off was held after the end of regular season. The last championship playoff occurred in the 1963–64 season when Bologna and Inter both finished on 54 points. Bologna won the play-off 2–0.

Clubs

Prior to 1929, many clubs competed in the top level of Italian football as the earlier rounds were competed up to 1922 on a regional basis then interregional up to 1929. Below is a list of Serie A clubs who have competed in the competition when it has been a league format (66 in total).

2019–20 members

Locations of the 2019–20 Serie A teams

Locations of the 2019–20 Serie A teams

TeamHome cityStadiumCapacity2018–19 season
AtalantaBergamoGewiss Stadium21,3003rd in Serie A
BolognaBolognaStadio Renato Dall'Ara38,27910th in Serie A
BresciaBresciaStadio Mario Rigamonti16,743Serie B champions
CagliariCagliariSardegna Arena16,23315th in Serie A
FiorentinaFlorenceStadio Artemio Franchi43,14716th in Serie A
GenoaGenoaStadio Luigi Ferraris36,68517th in Serie A
Hellas VeronaVeronaStadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi39,211Serie B Playoff champions
InternazionaleMilanSan Siro80,0184th in Serie A
JuventusTurinAllianz Stadium41,507Serie A champions
LazioRomeStadio Olimpico72,6988th in Serie A
LecceLecceStadio Via del Mare33,8762nd in Serie B
MilanMilanSan Siro80,0185th in Serie A
NapoliNaplesStadio San Paolo60,2402nd in Serie A
ParmaParmaStadio Ennio Tardini27,90614th in Serie A
RomaRomeStadio Olimpico72,6986th in Serie A
SampdoriaGenoaStadio Luigi Ferraris36,6859th in Serie A
SassuoloSassuoloMapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore23,71711th in Serie A
SPALFerraraStadio Paolo Mazza16,16413th in Serie A
TorinoTurinStadio Olimpico Grande Torino27,9947th in Serie A
UdineseUdineStadio Friuli25,13212th in Serie A

Seasons in Serie A

There are 67 teams that have taken part in 87 Serie A championships in a single round that was played from the 1929–30 season until the 2019–20 season. The teams in bold compete in Serie A currently. Internazionale is the only team that has played Serie A football in every season.

  • 88 seasons: Internazionale
  • 87 seasons: Juventus, Roma
  • 86 seasons: Milan
  • 82 seasons: Fiorentina
  • 77 seasons: Lazio
  • 76 seasons: Torino
  • 74 seasons: Napoli
  • 73 seasons: Bologna
  • 63 seasons: Sampdoria
  • 59 seasons: Atalanta
  • 53 seasons: Genoa
  • 47 seasons: Udinese
  • 40 seasons: Cagliari
  • 30 seasons: Bari, Vicenza
  • 29 seasons: Hellas Verona, Palermo
  • 26 seasons: Parma, Triestina
  • 23 seasons: Brescia
  • 19 seasons: SPAL
  • 18 seasons: Livorno
  • 17 seasons: Catania, Chievo
  • 16 seasons: Ascoli, Lecce, Padova
  • 13 seasons: Alessandria, Cesena, Como, Empoli, Modena, Novara, Perugia
  • 12 seasons: Pro Patria, Venezia
  • 11 seasons: Foggia
  • 10 seasons: Avellino
  • 9 seasons: Reggina, Siena
  • 8 seasons: Lucchese, Piacenza
  • 7 seasons: Catanzaro, Cremonese, Mantova, Pescara, Pisa, Sassuolo, Varese
  • 6 seasons: Pro Vercelli
  • 5 seasons: Liguria, Messina
  • 4 seasons: Casale
  • 3 seasons: Lecco, Legnano, Reggiana, Sampierdarenese
  • 2 seasons: Ancona, Crotone, Frosinone, Salernitana, Ternana
  • 1 season: Benevento, Carpi, Pistoiese, Treviso

Logos

    Serie A had logos that featured its sponsor Telecom Italia (TIM). The logo that was introduced in 2010, had minor change in 2016 due to the change of the logo of Telecom Italia itself.[29][30] In August 2018, a new logo was announced.[31]

    Television rights

    In the past, individual clubs competing in the league had the rights to sell their broadcast rights to specific channels throughout Italy, unlike in most other European countries. Currently, the two broadcasters in Italy are the satellite broadcaster Sky Italia and streaming platform DAZN for its own pay television networks; RAI is allowed to broadcast only highlights (in exclusive from 13:30 to 22:30 CET). This is a list of television rights in Italy (since 2018–19):

    • Sky Italia (7 matches for week)

    • DAZN (3 matches for week)

    • RAI (highlights)

    Since the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have negotiated television rights collectively rather than on an individual club basis, having previously abandoned collective negotiation at the end of the 1998–99 season.[32]

    International

    In countries and territories outside of Italy, the league is broadcast on:

    CountryBroadcaster
    AlbaniaSuperSport
    AustraliabeIN Sports
    AzerbaijanCBC Sport
    Bosnia and HerzegovinaArena Sport
    BrazilDAZN
    RedeTV! (one match for week)
    BruneiFox Sports[33]
    Malaysia
    BulgariaMax Sport
    CanadaDAZN
    Telelatino
    ChinaCCTV5
    CroatiaArenasport
    Czech RepublicSport1
    DenmarkStrive Sport
    EstoniaKanal 12
    FrancebeIN SPORTS
    GermanyDAZN
    GreeceNova Sports
    Hong KongbeIN Sports
    IcelandStöð 2 Sport
    IndiaSony ESPN
    IndonesiabeIN Sports
    IrelandPremier Sports[34]
    UK
    Israelone
    JapanDAZN
    KosovoIPKO
    LithuaniaSport1
    MacedoniaArena Sport
    MENAbeIN Sports
    MongoliaSportbox
    MontenegroArena Sport
    NetherlandsZiggo Sport
    New ZealandSky Sport
    NigeriaHiTV
    NorwayStrive Sport
    PhilippinesABS-CBN S+A
    beIN Sports
    PolandEleven Sports Network
    PortugalSport TV
    RomaniaDigi Sport
    RussiaMatch TV
    Telesport[35]
    SerbiaArena Sport
    SlovakiaSport1
    SloveniaŠportTV
    South AfricaMultichoice
    South KoreaSPOTV
    SpainbeIN Sports
    SwedenStrive Sport
    SwitzerlandTeleclub
    TajikistanTV Varzish
    TV Football
    ThailandbeIN Sports
    PPTV
    TurkeybeIN SPORTS
    USESPN
    ESPN+
    Latin AmericaESPN
    Worldwide (selected countries only)Rai Italia
    Serie A Pass

    In the 1990s, Serie A was at its most popular in the United Kingdom when it was shown on Football Italia on Channel 4, although it has actually appeared on more UK channels than any other league, rarely staying in one place for long since 2002. Serie A has appeared in the UK on BSB's The Sports Channel (1990–91), Sky Sports (1991–92), Channel 4 (1992–2002), Eurosport (2002–04), Setanta Sports and Bravo (2004–07), Channel 5 (2007–08), ESPN (2009–13), BT Sport (2013–2018), Eleven Sports Network (2018), Premier and FreeSports (2019–present).[36]

    Champions

    ClubWinnersRunners-upChampionship seasons
    Juventus35211905, 1925–26, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05,[62] 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19
    Milan18151901, 1906, 1907, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1958–59, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1978–79, 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2010–11
    Internazionale18141909–10, 1919–20, 1929–30, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71, 1979–80, 1988–89, 2005–06,[63] 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
    Genoa941898, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1914–15, 1922–23, 1923–24
    Torino771926–27,[64] 1927–28, 1942–43, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1975–76
    Bologna741924–25, 1928–29, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1938–39, 1940–41, 1963–64
    Pro Vercelli711908, 1909, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1920–21, 1921–22 (CCI)
    Roma3141941–42, 1982–83, 2000–01
    Napoli281986–87, 1989–90
    Lazio261973–74, 1999–2000
    Fiorentina251955–56, 1968–69
    Cagliari111969–70
    Casale1
    1913–14
    Novese1
    1921–22 (FIGC)
    Hellas Verona1
    1984–85
    Sampdoria1
    1990–91

    Bold indicates clubs which play in the 2019–20 Serie A.

    • A decoration was awarded to Spezia in 2002 by the FIGC for the 1944 wartime championship. However, the FIGC has stated that it cannot be considered as a scudetto.

    By city

    CityChampionshipsClubs
    Turin
    42
    Juventus (35), Torino (7)
    Milan
    36
    Milan (18), Inter Milan (18)
    Genoa
    10
    Genoa (9), Sampdoria (1)
    Bologna
    7
    Bologna (7)
    Vercelli
    7
    Pro Vercelli (7)
    Rome
    5
    Roma (3), Lazio (2)
    Florence
    2
    Fiorentina (2)
    Naples
    2
    Napoli (2)
    Cagliari
    1
    Cagliari (1)
    Casale Monferrato
    1
    Casale (1)
    Novi Ligure
    1
    Novese (1)
    Verona
    1
    Verona (1)

    By region

    RegionChampionshipsClubs
    Piedmont
    51
    Juventus (35), Torino (7), Pro Vercelli (7), Casale (1), Novese (1)
    Lombardy
    36
    Milan (18), Internazionale (18)
    Liguria
    10
    Genoa (9), Sampdoria (1)
    Emilia-Romagna
    7
    Bologna (7)
    Lazio
    5
    Roma (3), Lazio (2)
    Campania
    2
    Napoli (2)
    Tuscany
    2
    Fiorentina (2)
    Sardinia
    1
    Cagliari (1)
    Veneto
    1
    Verona (1)

    Records

    Paolo Maldini has made the most appearances in Serie A (647)

    Paolo Maldini has made the most appearances in Serie A (647)

    Silvio Piola is the highest goalscorer in Serie A history with 274 goals

    Silvio Piola is the highest goalscorer in Serie A history with 274 goals

    **Top 10 players with most appearances**[[CITE|37|http://www.rsssf.com/players/ital-seriea-matches.html]] Last updated as of 21 September 2019
    PlayerPeriodClub(s)Games
    1ItalyPaolo Maldini1984–2009Milan647
    2ItalyGianluigi Buffon1995–2018
    2019–present
    Parma, Juventus641
    3ItalyFrancesco Totti1992–2017Roma619
    4ArgentinaJavier Zanetti1995–2014Internazionale615
    5ItalyGianluca Pagliuca1987–2007Sampdoria, Internazionale, Bologna, Ascoli592
    6ItalyDino Zoff1961–1983Udinese, Mantova, Napoli, Juventus570
    7ItalyPietro Vierchowod1980–2000Como, Fiorentina, Roma, Sampdoria, Juventus, Milan, Piacenza562
    8ItalyRoberto Mancini1981–2001Bologna, Sampdoria, Lazio541
    9ItalySilvio Piola1929–1954Pro Vercelli, Lazio, Juventus, Novara537
    10ItalyEnrico Albertosi1958–1980Fiorentina, Cagliari, Milan532
    **Top 10 goalscorers**[[CITE|38|http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italtops-allt.html]] Last updated as of 19 May 2018
    PlayerPeriodClub(s)Goals
    1ItalySilvio Piola1929–1954Pro Vercelli, Lazio, Juventus, Novara274
    2ItalyFrancesco Totti1992–2017Roma250
    3SwedenGunnar Nordahl1948–1958Milan, Roma225
    4BrazilItalyJosé Altafini1958–1976Milan, Napoli, Juventus216
    4ItalyGiuseppe Meazza1929–1947Internazionale, Milan, Juventus216
    6ItalyAntonio Di Natale2002–2016Empoli, Udinese209
    7ItalyRoberto Baggio1986–2004Fiorentina, Juventus, Milan, Bologna, Internazionale, Brescia205
    8SwedenKurt Hamrin1956–1971Juventus, Padova, Fiorentina, Milan, Napoli190
    9ItalyGiuseppe Signori1991–2004Foggia, Lazio, Sampdoria, Bologna188
    9ItalyAlessandro Del Piero1993–2012Juventus188
    9ItalyAlberto Gilardino1999–2017Piacenza, Verona, Parma, Milan, Fiorentina, Genoa, Bologna, Palermo, Empoli, Pescara188

    Players

    Non-EU players

    Unlike La Liga, which imposed a quota on the number of non-EU players on each club, Serie A clubs could sign as many non-EU players as available on domestic transfer.

    During the 1980s and 1990s, most Serie A clubs signed a large number of players from foreign nations (both EU and non-EU members). Notable foreign players to play in Serie A during this era included Irish international Liam Brady, England internationals Paul Gascoigne and David Platt, France's Michel Platini and Laurent Blanc, Lothar Matthäus and Jürgen Klinsmann from Germany, Dutchmen Ruud Gullit and Dennis Bergkamp, and Argentina's Diego Maradona.

    But since the 2003–04 season, a quota has been imposed on each of the clubs limiting the number of non-EU, non-EFTA and non-Swiss players who may be signed from abroad each season,[39] following provisional measures[40] introduced in the 2002–03 season, which allowed Serie A and B clubs to sign only one non-EU player in the 2002 summer transfer window.

    In the middle of the 2000–01 season, the old quota system was abolished, which no longer limited each team to having more than five non-EU players and using no more than three in each match.[40][41] Concurrent with the abolishment of the quota, the FIGC had investigated footballers that used fake passports. Alberto and Warley, Alejandro Da Silva and Jorginho Paulista of Udinese;[42] Fábio Júnior and Gustavo Bartelt of Roma;[43] Dida of Milan; Álvaro Recoba of Inter; Thomas Job, Francis Zé, Jean Ondoa of Sampdoria; and Jeda and Dede of Vicenza were all banned in July 2001 for lengths ranging from six months to one year.[44] However, most of the bans were subsequently reduced.

    The number of non-EU players was reduced from 265 in 2002–03 season to 166 in 2006–07 season.[45] It also included players who received EU status after their respective countries joined the EU (see 2004 and 2007 enlargement), which made players such as Adrian Mutu, Valeri Bojinov, Marek Jankulovski and Marius Stankevičius EU players.

    The rule underwent minor changes in August 2004,[46] June 2005,[47] June 2006.[48][49] and June 2007.[50]

    Since the 2008–09 season, three quotas have been awarded to clubs that do not have non-EU players in their squad (previously only newly promoted clubs could have three quotas); clubs that have one non-EU player have two quotas. Those clubs that have two non-EU players, are awarded one quota and one conditional quota, which is awarded after: 1) Transferred 1 non-EU player abroad, or 2) Release 1 non-EU player as free agent, or 3) A non-EU player received EU nationality. Clubs with three or more non-EU players, have two conditional quotas, but releasing two non-EU players as free agent, will only have one quota instead of two.[51] Serie B and Lega Pro clubs cannot sign non-EU player from abroad, except those followed the club promoted from Serie D.

    Large clubs with many foreigners usually borrow quotas from other clubs that have few foreigners or no foreigners in order to sign more non-EU players. For example, Adrian Mutu joined Juventus via Livorno in 2005, as at the time Romania was not a member of the EU. Other examples include Júlio César, Victor Obinna and Maxwell, who joined Internazionale from Chievo (first two) and Empoli respectively.

    On 2 July 2010, the above conditional quota reduced back to one, though if a team did not have any non-EU players, that team could still sign up to three non-EU players.[52][53][54] In 2011 the signing quota reverted to two.[55]

    Homegrown players

    Serie A also imposed Homegrown players rule, a modification of Homegrown Player Rule (UEFA). Unlike UEFA, Serie A at first did not cap the number of players in first team squad at 25, meaning the club could employ more foreigners by increasing the size of the squad.[56] However, a cap of 25 (under-21 players were excluded) was introduced to 2015–16 season (in 2015–16 season, squad simply require 8 homegrown players but not require 4 of them from their own youth team).[57] In the 2016–17 season, the FIGC sanctioned Sassuolo for fielding ineligible player, Antonino Ragusa.[58] Although the club did not exceed the capacity of 21 players that were not from their own youth team (only Domenico Berardi was eligible as youth product of their own) as well as under 21 of age (born 1995 or after, of which four players were eligible) in their 24-men call-up,[59] It was reported that on Lega Serie A side the squad list was not updated.[60]

    In 2015–16 season, the following quota was announced.

    Size of first team squadLocal + club youth product
    ← 25min. 8 (max. 4 not from own youth team)

    FIFA World Players of the Year

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x|Germany|h14|w23|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Lothar Matthäus: 1991 (Internazionale)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x|Netherlands|h15|w23|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Marco van Basten: 1992 (Milan)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x|Italy|h15|w23|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Roberto Baggio: 1993 (Juventus)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x|Liberia|h12|w23|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] George Weah: 1995 (Milan)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x|Brazil|h15|w22|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Ronaldo: 1997 (Internazionale)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x|France|h15|w23|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Zinedine Zidane: 1998, 2000 (Juventus)

    • [[INLINE_IMAGE|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png|//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x|Brazil|h15|w22|thumbborder flagicon-img flagicon-img]] Kaká: 2007 (Milan)

    Official match ball

    • 2007–2008: Nike T90 Aerow II

    • 2008–2009: Nike T90 Omni

    • 2009–2010: Nike T90 Ascente

    • 2010–2011: Nike T90 Tracer

    • 2011–2012: Nike Seitiro

    • 2012–2013: Nike Maxim

    • 2013–2014: Nike Incyte

    • 2014–2017: Nike Ordem

    • 2018–present: Nike Merlin

    See also

    • List of foreign Serie A players

    • Coppa Campioni d'Italia

    • Italian football clubs in international competitions

    • UEFA coefficient

    • List of Italian football club owners

    • Campionato Nazionale Primavera

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