Lidl
Lidl
Trade name | Lidl |
|---|---|
Type | Private |
| Industry | Retailing |
| Founded | 1930 |
| Founder | Josef Schwarz |
| Headquarters | Neckarsulm , |
Number of locations | 10,000+ in 28 European countries and the United States |
Area served | Europe United States |
Key people | Jesper Højer (CEO) Dieter Schwarz (Chairman) |
| Products | Discount store |
Number of employees | 315,000 |
| Parent | Schwarz Gruppe |
| Website | lidl.com [88] |
European countries in which Lidl is active
Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG (German pronunciation: [ˈliːdl̩]; UK: /ˈlɪdəl/ LID-əl) is a German global discount supermarket chain, based in Neckarsulm, Germany,[1] that operates over 10,000 stores across Europe and the United States.[2] It belongs to Dieter Schwarz, who also owns the store chains Handelshof and hypermarket Kaufland.
Lidl is the chief competitor of a similar German discount chain Aldi in several markets, including the United States.[3] There are Lidl stores in every member state of the European Union, except Latvia and Estonia. Lidl stores are also present in Switzerland, Serbia and the United States.
Trade name | Lidl |
|---|---|
Type | Private |
| Industry | Retailing |
| Founded | 1930 |
| Founder | Josef Schwarz |
| Headquarters | Neckarsulm , |
Number of locations | 10,000+ in 28 European countries and the United States |
Area served | Europe United States |
Key people | Jesper Højer (CEO) Dieter Schwarz (Chairman) |
| Products | Discount store |
Number of employees | 315,000 |
| Parent | Schwarz Gruppe |
| Website | lidl.com [88] |
History
A Lidl store in Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
A Lidl store in Greenville,South Carolina, United States
In 1930, Josef Schwarz became a partner in Südfrüchte Großhandel Lidl & Co., a fruit wholesaler, and he developed the company into a general food wholesaler.[4]
In 1977, under his son Dieter Schwarz, the Schwarz-Gruppe began to focus on discount markets, larger supermarkets, and cash and carry wholesale markets. He did not want to use the name Schwarz-Markt (Schwarzmarkt means "black market") and rather use the name of Josef Schwarz's former business partner, A. Lidl, but legal reasons prevented him from taking over the name for his discount stores. When he discovered a newspaper article about the painter and retired schoolteacher Ludwig Lidl, he bought the rights to the name from him for 1,000 German marks.[5][6]
Lidl is part of the Schwarz Group, the fifth-largest retailer in the world with sales of $82.4 billion (2011).[7]
Lidl opened its first UK store in 1994. Since then, Lidl UK has grown consistently, and today has over 760 stores. While it is still a small player in the United Kingdom, with a grocery market share of less than 5%, its importance, along with that of continental, no frills competitor Aldi is growing, with half of shoppers in the United Kingdom visiting Aldi or Lidl over Christmas 2014.[8]
Sven Seidel was appointed CEO of the company in March 2014, after the previous CEO Karl-Heinz Holland stepped down.[9] Holland had served as chief executive since 2008 but left due to undisclosed "unbridgeable" differences over future strategy. Seidel stepped down from his position in February 2017 after Manager Magazin reported he had fallen out of favour with Klaus Gehrig, who has headed the Schwarz Group since 2004. Seidel was succeeded as CEO by Dane Jesper Højer, previously head of Lidl's international buying operation.[10]
In June 2015, the company announced it would establish a United States headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.[11] Lidl has major distribution centers in Mebane, North Carolina, and Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The company initially focused on opening locations in East Coast states, between Pennsylvania and Georgia,[12] and as far west as Ohio.[13][14] In June 2017, Lidl opened its first stores in the United States in Virginia Beach and other mid-Atlantic cities.[15] The company planned to open a total of one hundred U.S. stores by the summer of 2018.[3][15] In November 2018, Lidl announced plans to acquire 27 Best Market stores in New York and New Jersey.[16] In 2019, Lidl opened its first location in New York City, in the Staten Island Mall.
Business model
A Lidl store in Angers, France
Like fellow German supermarket Aldi, Lidl has a zero waste, no-frills, "pass-the-savings-to-the-consumer" approach of displaying most products in their original delivery cartons, allowing the customers to take the product directly from the carton. When the carton is empty, it is simply replaced with a full one. Staffing is minimal.[17]
In contrast to Aldi, there are generally more branded products offered. Lidl distributes many low-priced gourmet foods by producing each of them in a single European Union country for its whole worldwide chain, but it also sources many local products from the country where the store is located. Like Aldi, Lidl has special weekly offers, and its stock of non-food items often changes with time. In contrast to Aldi, Lidl advertises extensively in its homeland of Germany.
As with Aldi, Lidl does not play mood music, with the exception of Lidl stores in the United States, Croatia, Spain, Poland, England, Wales, Scotland and Lithuania, which do play music. Lidl stores have PA systems for important announcements, but do not broadcast commercials.
The Lidl operation in the United Kingdom took a different approach than in Germany, with a focus on marketing and public relations, and providing employee benefits not required by law, including paying the independently verified living wage and offering a staff discount.[18]
Upmarket products were introduced, especially in the lead-up to Christmas. This required significant investment in marketing to produce sales growth but had an effect on Lidl’s logistical operation and pressure on profits. Ronny Gottschlich, who ran the store chain in the United Kingdom for the six years to 2016, was responsible for this approach. This led to friction with head office, due to the cost involved. In September 2016, Gottschlich unexpectedly left and was replaced by the Austrian sales and operations director, German-national Christian Härtnagel.[19] Lidl continued to have ambitious investment plans in the United Kingdom, ultimately doubling the number of stores to 1,500. In the financial year of 2015, Lidl Great Britain's revenue from its over 630 stores throughout Britain was £4.7 billion.
Stores
A Lidl store in Zaprešić, Croatia
The northernmost Lidl store in the world, located in Sodankylä, Finland
A Lidl store in Templemore, County Tipperary, Ireland
Interior of a Lidl store at Entrecampos railway station, Lisbon
Lidl in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, in central Poland
Lidl is currently present in 29 countries.
| Country | Number of stores |
|---|---|
 Austria | 230[20] |
 Belgium | 300 |
 Bulgaria | 94[21] |
 Croatia | 95[22] |
 Cyprus | 17 |
 Czech Republic | 220 |
 Denmark | 110 |
 Finland | 181 + 4 outlet stores[23] |
 France | 1,500 |
 Germany | 3,301 |
 Greece | 232 |
 Hungary | 172 |
 Ireland | 156[24] |
 Italy | 600[25] |
 Latvia | In construction[26] |
 Lithuania | 45[27] |
 Luxembourg | 10 |
 Malta | 8 |
 Netherlands | 411 |
 Poland | 672[28] |
 Portugal | 247 |
 Romania | 256[29] |
 Serbia | 31 |
 Slovakia | 132 |
 Slovenia | 54[30] |
 Spain | 656 [31] |
 Sweden | 171[32][33][34] |
 Switzerland | 100[35] |
 United Kingdom | 760 |
 United States | 68[36] |
| Total LIDL stores | 10,500+ |
Other services
A fake Lidl store in Hurghada, Egypt
A Lidl store in Karlstad, Sweden
In October 2009, Lidl Movies was launched in the United Kingdom,[37] undercutting Tesco DVD Rental, which had previously been the United Kingdom's cheapest online rental service for DVDs. The service was powered by OutNow DVD Rental. OutNow went into liquidation in October 2011, taking Lidl Movies with it.[38]
In January 2012, Lidl launched bakeries in their stores across Europe. They consist of a small baking area with a number of ovens, together with an area where bread and pastries, such as croissants, are displayed for sale.
In August 2013, Lidl UK also launched an online photo service, which prints photos and photo gifts at discounted prices.[39]
As of May 2019, Lidl US has partnered with Boxed.com to test a home delivery service using the online retailer’s technology. Lidl plans to open its first stores in Long Island, N.Y., in early 2020. Lidl also partners with Target Corp. subsidiary Shipt for grocery home delivery. [40]
Controversies
Food
Opening weekend at Lidl in Vilnius, Lithuania
In 2018, it was reported that Lidl imports raw sausage from Poland into Germany. Pig farmers in Germany have been worried that African swine fever will spread to Germany.[41]
In 2017, Lidl was involved in controversy over eggs contaminated with insecticide fipronil.[42]
In 2016, poisonous xylene was discovered in a gravy sold by Lidl UK.[43] After being notified of the product error, Lidl waited for more than two weeks before recalling the toxic product.[44]
In 2014, a former Lidl UK worker won a case against Lidl after reporting a food safety violation and being bullied from his job.[45]
In 2013, Lidl was named as one of the supermarket chains selling products involved in the horse meat scandal[46].
In 2011, minced meat steaks sold under Lidl's private label Steak Country contained E. coli bacteria.[47] 18 persons in France, predominantly children, fell seriously ill from the steaks. Many of the children require lifetime treatment.[48] One child was left profoundly and permanently disabled.[49]
In 2008, Lidl was forced to issue an official apology because staff at a Lidl store in Sweden deliberately poisoned homeless people by poisoning food in trash containers.[52]
In 2005, Lidl was caught putting additives in meat which allowed them to avoid salmonella testing and origin labeling, according to the National Food Agency in Sweden.[53]
Working conditions and labor rights
Stores and warehouses
In 2017, a scandal over the heavy work load and intimidation of workers at Lidl broke in France.[54]
In 2017, a court ruled against Lidl UK's attempts to suppress trade union representation for its warehouse workers in Bridgend, Wales.[55][56]
In 2015, a Lidl warehouse worker committed suicide by hanging himself at his workplace in Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. According to a labour inspection survey, Lidl had repeatedly harassed the worker with demeaning comments and unreachable orders. The worker had told a relative that he had been doing the work of five employees.[57]
In 2015, it was reported that Lidl had violated labour legislation in Poland such as forcing employees to work for over 13 hours a day, according to reports from the state labour inspectorate. A chairman in the Solidarity trade union in Poland said that Lidl managers harass and intimidate employees who want to organize.[58]
In 2014, Lidl UK staff were instructed not to speak any language other than English, not even Welsh (a language used in Wales), with Lidl's customers. The Welsh Language Society (Cymdeithas yr Iaith) said the policy was "appalling". Cymdeithas yr Iaith's chairman, Jamie Bevan, said that "since the Welsh language bill was passed four years ago, it is illegal to stop staff from speaking to customers in Welsh".[59]
In 2009, it was reported that approximately 300 sheets of paper containing Lidl employees' personal information had been found in the trash bin of a car wash in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Among the sheets were forms filled with details of the employees' sick days and illnesses. This included reproductive health; for example, a female employee had the annotation: "Wishes to become pregnant, fertilisation has been unsuccessful".[60]
In 2008, Lidl was fined €1.5 million for the unauthorised surveillance of its employees in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.[61]
In 2008, The Times[62] noted that Lidl managers worked overtime hours and were directed to sign out of the Working Time Directive when starting with the company.
In 2008, German newspaper Stern uncovered Lidl spying on its staff, including registration of employees' toilet visits as well as personal details regarding employees' love lives, personal finances and menstrual cycles.[63]
In 2008, it was reported that Lidl’s Czech branches had allowed female employees who were menstruating to use lavatories on condition that they wore conspicuous headbands during their periods.[64]
In 2006, the German United Services Trade Union published an updated edition of The Black Book on Lidl in Europe. The book is based on accounts from past and present employees. It contains many wide-ranging criticisms against the grocery chain. For instance, an anti-pregnancy policy in Portuguese branches is mentioned.[65]
In 2004, Lidl was awarded the Big Brother Award in Germany for acting almost like a slave master towards its employees.[66]
In 2003, a judge in Savona, Liguria, Italy, sentenced Lidl for opposition to union policies, a crime in Italy.[67]
Suppliers
A Lidl store in Santorini, Greece
A Lidl store in a former railway station. Newcastle, Northern Ireland
In 2018, striking workers were assaulted and injured at one of Lidl's suppliers, Fu Yuen Garment Co Ltd in Myanmar. 28 workers were wounded, six of them seriously. The workers had been picketing the factory because of poor conditions and mistreatment.[68]
In 2016, Oxfam in Germany revealed the following about the working conditions on certain fruit plantations that supply Lidl: Workers have to work there simultaneously when pesticides are dropped on the plantation. Workers have said that they suffer from frequent illnesses and miscarriages. Work contracts are oral and for three months only. Many workers do not want to form labour unions in fear of retaliation.[69]
In 2010, the Consumer Protection Agency in Hamburg, Germany, filed an unfair competition complaint against Lidl. The company had deceived customers by giving the false impression that the working conditions at Lidl suppliers were good. In reality, the conditions were reported "inhumane" and in breach of conventions and standards.[70]
In 2008, a company named Weinzheimer was exclusively baking all in-store bakery products being sold by Lidl in Europe. An undercover journalist writing for German newspaper Die Zeit worked at the bakery and reported bad working conditions. Overwork and inadequate equipment had led to workers suffering concussions, wounds, and burns. "You [workers] are cheaper than new [baking] sheets", a manager told the undercover journalist.[71]
Other
In 2018, a criminal lawsuit was filed against Lidl in a court in Moncada, Valencia, Spain. The discount chain had allegedly copied a plant milk maker without permission, infringing intellectual property rights.[72]
In 2017, Lidl was involved in controversy related to crosses on churches. Its branch in Camporosso, Italy, was using a picture of the church of Dolceacqua, Italy, for promotional purposes. The cross was removed from the picture of the church.[73]
In 2017, it was discovered that Lidl removed crosses from pictures of churches on the Greek island Santorini used on packaging for its Eridanous line of products. Lidl acknowledged it made a mistake and promised to deal with the issue.[74][75][76]
In 2017, all of Lithuania's major newspapers reported that Lidl Lithuania, compared to other Lidl markets, sets higher prices on identical products despite lower expenses including rent, salaries, etc.[77][78][79][80]
In 2017, Italian police arrested 15 people from 4 of Lidl's offices during investigation into ties with Laudani crime family.[81]
In 2013, Lidl sold gold coins in Germany. Their gold value turned out to be significantly lower than the price that Lidl sold them for. A bank would only pay one fifth of the price.[82]
In 2013, it was reported that in Germany Lidl had failed to notify health officials of numerous rat infestations. Instead, Lidl spread powdered rat poison on the product shelves, without informing customers of the rodenticide. One of Berlin’s chief health inspectors warned that children who come in contact with rat poison may bleed to death.[83][84]