Everipedia Logo
Everipedia is now IQ.wiki - Join the IQ Brainlist and our Discord for early access to editing on the new platform and to participate in the beta testing.
Great Patriotic War (term)

Great Patriotic War (term)

The Great Patriotic War (Russian: Вели́кая Оте́чественная война́, Velikaja Otečestvennaja vojna; Ukrainian: Велика Вітчизняна війна, Velyka Vitčyznjana vijna; Belarusian: Вялікая Айчынная вайна, Vjalikaja Ajčynnaja vajna)[1] is a term used in Russia and other former republics of the Soviet Union (except for the Baltic states and Ukraine[2]) to describe the conflict fought during the period from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945 along the many fronts of the Eastern Front of World War II between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany and its allies. For some legal purposes its period might be extended to 11 May 1945 to also include the end of the Prague Offensive.[3]

The end of the Great Patriotic War is commemorated on 9 May.

History

The term "Patriotic War" refers to the Russian resistance to the French invasion of Russia under Napoleon I, which became known as the Patriotic War of 1812. In Russian, the term отечественная война originally referred to a war on one's own territory (otechestvo means "the fatherland"), as opposed to a campaign abroad (заграничная война),[4] and later was reinterpreted as a war for the fatherland, i.e. a defensive war for one's homeland. Sometimes the Patriotic War of 1812 was also referred to as the Great Patriotic War (Великая отечественная война); the phrase first appeared no later than 1844[5] and became popular on the eve of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812.[6]

After 1914, the phrase was applied to World War I.[7] It was the name of a special war-time appendix to the magazine Theater and Life (Театр и жизнь) in Saint Petersburg, and referred to the Eastern Front of World War I, where Russia fought against the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[7] The phrases Second Patriotic War (Вторая отечественная война) and Great World Patriotic War (Великая всемирная отечественная война) were also used during World War I in Russia.[7]

The term Great Patriotic War re-appeared in the Soviet newspaper Pravda on 23 June 1941, just a day after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. It was found in the title of "The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People" (Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna Sovetskogo Naroda), a long article by Yemelyan Yaroslavsky, a member of Pravda editors' collegium.[7] The phrase was intended to motivate the population to defend the Soviet fatherland and to expel the invader, and a reference to the Patriotic War of 1812 was seen as a great morale booster.

The term Отечественная война (Patriotic War or Fatherland War) was officially recognized by establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War on 20 May 1942, awarded for heroic deeds.

Usage

The term is not generally used outside the former Soviet Union, and the closest term is Eastern Front of World War II (1941-1945). Both terms do not cover the initial phase of World War II in Eastern Europe during which the USSR, then still in a non-aggression pact with Germany, occupied East part of Poland (1939), the Baltic states (1940), and Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (1940) and fought with Finland (1939-1940).[3][8]

On 9 April 2015, the Ukrainian parliament replaced the term "Great Patriotic War" (Velyka vitchyzniana viina) in the country's law with "Second World War" (Druha svitova viina),[9] as part of a set of decommunization laws.

See also

References

[1]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.org**Additional translations in languages of the former Soviet Union:**Azerbaijani: Бөјүк Вәтән мүһарибәси, Böyük Vətən müharibəsi; Estonian: Suur Isamaasõda; Armenian: Հայրենական Մեծ պատերազմ, Hajrenakan Mec paterazm; Georgian: დიდი სამამულო ომი, Didi Samamulo Omi; Kazakh: Ұлы Отан соғысы, Uly Otan soǵysy; Kyrgyz: Улуу Ата Мекендик согуш, Uluu Ata Mekendik soğuş; Lithuanian: Didysis Tėvynės karas; Latvian: Lielais Tēvijas karš; Moldovan: Мареле Рэзбой пентру апэраря Патрией, Marele Război pentru apărarea Patriei; Tajik: Ҷанги Бузурги Ватанӣ, Çangi Buzurgi Vatanī; Turkmen: Бейик Ватанчылык уршы, Beýik Watançylyk urşy; Tatar: Бөек Ватан сугышы, Böyek Watan suğışı; Uzbek: Улуғ Ватан уруши, Ulug‘ Vatan urushi.
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[2]
Citation Linkwww.bbc.comУкраїна, Віталій Червоненко ВВС. Рада ухвалила "декомунізаційний пакет". BBC News Україна (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2019-01-13.
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[3]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgФедеральный закон № 5-ФЗ от 12 января 1995, "О ветеранах" (in Russian)
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[4]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgFor example, one of the books published shortly after the war was titled Письма русского офицера о Польше, Австрийских владениях, Пруссии и Франции, с подробным описанием похода Россиян противу Французов в 1805 и 1806 году, также отечественной и заграничной войны с 1812 по 1815 год..." (Fyodor Glinka, Moscow, 1815–1816; the title was translated as "Letters of a Russian Officer on Poland, the Austrian Domains, Prussia and France; with a detailed description of the Russian campaign against the French in 1805 and 1806, and also the Fatherland and foreign war from 1812 to 1815..." in: A. Herzen, Letters from France and Italy, 1847-1851, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995, p. 272).
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[5]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgIt can be found in Vissarion Belinsky's essay "Russian literature in 1843" first printed in magazine Otechestvennye Zapiski, vol. 32 (1844), see page 34 of section 5 "Critics" (each section has its own pagination).
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[6]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgFor example, several books had the phrase in their titles, as: П. Ниве, Великая Отечественная война. 1812 годъ, М., 1912; И. Савостинъ, Великая Отечественная война. Къ 100-лѣтнему юбилею. 1812—1912 г., М., 1911; П. М. Андріановъ, Великая Отечественная война. (1812) По поводу 100-лѣтняго юбилея, Спб., 1912.
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[7]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comThe dictionary of modern citations and catch phrases by K. V. Dushenko, 2006. (in Russian)
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[8]
Citation Link//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70401618Davies, Norman (2006). "Phase 1, 1939-1941: the era of the Nazi-Soviet pact". Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory. London: Macmillan. pp. 153–155. ISBN 9780333692851. OCLC 70401618.
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[9]
Citation Linkwww.newsweek.comUkraine Purges Symbols of Its Communist Past, Newsweek, (10 April 2015)
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[10]
Citation Linkwww.net-film.ruDocumentary films and newsreels about the Great Patriotic War
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[11]
Citation Linkpi.library.yorku.caPoems about the Great Patriotic War
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[12]
Citation Linkmilitera.lib.ruBryan Fugate, Operation Barbarossa: Strategy And Tactics On The Eastern Front, 1941
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[13]
Citation Linkwww.bbc.comРада ухвалила "декомунізаційний пакет"
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[14]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comThe dictionary of modern citations and catch phrases
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[15]
Citation Linkwww.worldcat.org70401618
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[16]
Citation Linkwww.newsweek.comUkraine Purges Symbols of Its Communist Past
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[17]
Citation Linkwww.net-film.ruDocumentary films and newsreels about the Great Patriotic War
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[18]
Citation Linkpi.library.yorku.caPoems about the Great Patriotic War
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[19]
Citation Linkmilitera.lib.ruBryan Fugate, Operation Barbarossa: Strategy And Tactics On The Eastern Front, 1941
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM
[20]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Sep 30, 2019, 5:13 AM