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GraphQL

GraphQL

GraphQL is an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs, and a runtime for fulfilling queries with existing data.[2] GraphQL was developed internally by Facebook in 2012 before being publicly released in 2015.[3] On 7 November 2018, the GraphQL project was moved from Facebook to the newly-established GraphQL Foundation, hosted by the non-profit Linux Foundation.[4][5] Since 2012, GraphQL's rise has followed the adoption timeline as set out by Lee Byron, GraphQL's creator, with surprising accuracy.[6] Byron's goal is to make GraphQL omnipresent across web platforms.

It provides an efficient, powerful and flexible approach to developing web APIs, and has been compared and contrasted with REST and other web service architectures. It allows clients to define the structure of the data required, and exactly the same structure of the data is returned from the server, therefore preventing excessively large amounts of data from being returned, but this has implications for how effective web caching of query results can be. The flexibility and richness of the query language also adds complexity that may not be worthwhile for simple APIs.[7][8][9]. It consists of a type system, query language and execution semantics, static validation, and type introspection.

GraphQL supports reading, writing (mutating) and subscribing to changes to data (realtime updates).[10]

Major GraphQL clients include Apollo Client[11] and Relay.[12] GraphQL servers are available for multiple languages, including Haskell, JavaScript[13], Perl[14], Python,[15] Ruby, Java, C#, Scala, Go, Elixir,[16] Erlang, PHP, R, and Clojure.

On 9 February 2018, the GraphQL Schema Definition Language (SDL) was made part of the specification.[17]

GraphQL
Developer(s)Facebook, and community
Initial release2015 (2015)
Stable release
June 2018[1]
Repositorygithub.com/graphql/graphql-spec [19]
Written inImplementations in Java, JavaScript, Ruby, Scala, others.
Operating systemCross-platform
Websitegraphql.org [20]

See also

  • Query by Example

  • OpenAPI Specification

References

[1]
Citation Linkgithub.com"GraphQL June 2018 Release Notes". Retrieved 26 March 2019.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[2]
Citation Linkgraphql.org"GraphQL: A query language for APIs".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[3]
Citation Linkcode.fb.com"GraphQL: A data query language".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[4]
Citation Linktechcrunch.com"Facebook's GraphQL gets its own open-source foundation". TechCrunch. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[5]
Citation Linkwww.linuxfoundation.org"The Linux Foundation Announces Intent to Form New Foundation to Support GraphQL - The Linux Foundation". The Linux Foundation. 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[6]
Citation Linknordicapis.comAnthony, Art. "Is GraphQL Moving Toward Ubiquity?". NordicAPIs.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[7]
Citation Linkphil.tech"GraphQL vs REST: Overview". Phil Sturgeon. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[8]
Citation Linkhonest.engineering"Why use GraphQL, good and bad reasons". Honest Engineering. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[9]
Citation Linkwww.howtographql.com"GraphQL Fundamentals". Howto GraphQL. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[10]
Citation Linkfacebook.github.io"GraphQL". facebook.github.io. Facebook. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[11]
Citation Linkwww.apollographql.com"Apollo Client: The flexible, production ready GraphQL client for React, and all JavaScript and native apps".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[12]
Citation Linkfacebook.github.io"Relay: A JavaScript framework for building data-driven React applications".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[13]
Citation Linkgithub.com"GraphQL js".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[14]
Citation Linkmetacpan.org"GraphQL - Perl implementation of GraphQL".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[15]
Citation Linkgraphene-python.org"Graphene". graphene-python.org. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[16]
Citation Linkabsinthe-graphql.org"Absinthe: The GraphQL toolkit for Elixir". Retrieved 19 July 2018.
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[17]
Citation Linkgithub.com"GraphQL SDL included in Github repository".
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[18]
Citation Linkgraphql.orgOfficial website
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[19]
Citation Linkgithub.comgithub.com/graphql/graphql-spec
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM
[20]
Citation Linkgraphql.orggraphql.org
Sep 21, 2019, 8:46 PM