Everipedia Logo
Everipedia is now IQ.wiki - Join the IQ Brainlist and our Discord for early access to editing on the new platform and to participate in the beta testing.
Extra (acting)

Extra (acting)

A background actor or extra is a performer in a film, television show, stage, musical, opera or ballet production, who appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene). War films and epic films often employ background actors in large numbers: some films have featured hundreds or even thousands of paid background actors as cast members (hence the term "cast of thousands"). Likewise, grand opera can involve many background actors appearing in spectacular productions.

On a film or TV set, background actors are usually referred to as "junior artist", "atmosphere", "background talent", "background performers", "background artists", "background cast members" or simply "background", while the term "extra" is rarely used.[1] In a stage production, background actors are commonly referred to as "supernumeraries". In opera and ballet, they are called either "extras" or "supers".

Casting

Casting criteria for background actors depend on the production. It is not entirely true that background cast members require little or no acting experience, as any type of unrealistic portrayal must include some form of imagination and acting. Punctuality, reliability and the ability to take direction also figure prominently for these cast members. Background actors are often selected on short notice, after all other preparations for the shoot have been finalized.[2]

Several casting agencies specialize only in background work, whilst in the UK the directory Contacts published annually by Spotlight lists all accredited agencies and productions.[3][4] Some agencies charge a registration fee, and some (mostly commercial background casting) will take between 10% and 15% commission from any booked work. Artists may be required to provide a basic one-page A4 sized CV/resume, that states basic personal details and dimensions, any significant skills (e.g. stage combat), and includes two 8x10 inch photographs on the rear: one head shot; one full body shot.[2][4][5]

When hiring background actors, casting directors generally seek those with a specific "look", such as "high school students" or "affluent senior citizens", consistent with the context of the film. Casting directors may also look for background actors with a special skill for the scene, such as rollerblading, or dancing. A background actor is often expected to bring his or her own wardrobe to the set, although there are also "fittings" for a specific scene or period. A casting director may favor the one who already has the required costume or prop, such as a police uniform, or a musical instrument. On other occasions, where a costume has already been prepared (for example, to fit another actor who is now unavailable), a background actor may be selected as a "costume double" simply because they are the right size to fit it. On smaller productions or student films, background actors may be hired en masse with little formality.[2]

The length of a background actor's employment on a production largely depends on the needs of the director and the scenes being filmed. Some background actors are needed on the set only for a day or two, while others may remain with the film for an extended period. For instance, on James Cameron's film Titanic, a group of 150 "core background actors" was hired to play the ship's passengers, and employed throughout the filming.

Salary and working conditions

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the distinction between an actor and an extra is defined by agreements between the actors trade unions Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU) and Equity, and the various commercial trade and production bodies.[6] These state that once a performer says 13 or more words in any scene, they must become a contracted actor in that production.[7] Minimum pay rates are defined by UK Government minimum wage regulations, and both BECTU and Equity have agreed rates with each body. However, even on non-union productions an extra's pay is an agreed day-rate for ten hours of production time.[4] All performers under agreement with BECTU/Equity are paid on-going royalties. Hence on many advertisements, which are often shown multiple times and distributed internationally, whilst the extra is paid a contracted day-rate, the largest payment is nominally due from ongoing royalties. Due to the resultant complex calculations from multiple international showings, performers under a union managed agreement are often bought-out of their advertisement royalties with a one-off payment.[7]

United States

Since 2012, in the US, most major film and television productions fall under the jurisdiction of the SAG-AFTRA union, previously before SAG-AFTRA was AFL-CIO's affiliate, the two unions were separately named as: Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA).[8]

SAG-AFTRA signatory AMPTP producers are allowed to hire non-union background actors after a certain number of SAG performers have been cast; non-union background actors are usually paid the minimum wage. On productions outside of union jurisdiction, payment for background actors is at the discretion of the producers, and ranges from union-scale rates to "copy and credit" (i.e., no pay). Those producers who do not pay their actors may be in violation of state and federal laws about minimum wage for a job.

From 1946 until 1992, background actors (in film and television) were largely represented by the Screen Extras Guild. The Screen Extras Guild was dissolved in 1992 and it's portrayal was transferred back to SAG as "West Coast extras".[9]

The silent film The Extra Girl (1923) portrays a small-town girl who comes to Hollywood and becomes a background actor in her attempt to achieve stardom.

The British television sitcom Extras (2005–07) follows the exploits of two professional background actors, Andy and Maggie. They spend most of their time on set looking for a speaking role and a boyfriend, respectively.

In the Hindi black comedy film Mithya (2008), the protagonist is a background actor whose facial similarity to an underworld crime boss lands him in trouble.

The Filipino comedy-drama film Ekstra (The Bit Player) (2013) centers around the life of a divorcee named Loida Malabanan, whose odd job as a bit player for various acting roles enabled her to send her daughter to college.[10] The movie is a social commentary on the exploitation and mistreatment of the marginalized sector in the television production industry in the Philippines.[11][12][13]

The Chinese-Hong Kong film I Am Somebody (2015) is about extras working at the Hengdian World Studios.[14]

See also

  • Background dancer

  • Bit part

  • Cameo appearance

  • Central Casting

  • Character actor

  • Supporting actor

  • Under-Five

References

[1]
Citation Linktophollywoodactingcoach.comBackground Actors, Extras or Atmosphere? tophollywoodactingcoach Published by Ross, Mae; 3-2-1 Acting. Accessed 22 May 2018
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[2]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comJo Kelly. The Truth About Being an Extra: How to Become a Good Background Actor. Google Books. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[3]
Citation Linkwww.bbc.co.uk"How to be an Extra". BBC. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[4]
Citation Linkwww.moneymagpie.com"Make money being a film or TV extra". Money Magpie. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[5]
Citation Linkwww.dailymail.co.uk"How to be a movie extra". Daily Mail. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[6]
Citation Linkwww.bectu.org.uk"Background Artistes". BECTU. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[7]
Citation Linkwww.equity.org.uk"Rates and Agreements - Members Guide & Pamphlet". Equity. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[8]
Citation Linkwww.cnn.com"Screen Actors Guild Fast Facts". CNN. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[9]
Citation Linkwww.latimes.comVerrier, Richard (10 June 2011). "Extras are the center of attention in crackdown on casting company fees". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[10]
Citation Linkvariety.comKuipers, Richard (11 September 2013). "Toronto Film Review: 'The Bit Player'". Variety. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[11]
Citation Linksaid-fred.blogspot.comHawson, Fred (29 July 2013). "EKSTRA: An Excellent Paradox". Blogger. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[12]
Citation Linkopinion.inquirer.netJimenez-David, Rina (19 August 2013). "'Ekstra': The country in miniature". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[13]
Citation Linkilusyonaryo.wordpress.com"A review paper for Ekstra (2013): A film by Jeffrey Jeturian". ilusyonaryo.com. WordPress. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[14]
Citation Linkvariety.comLee, Maggie (17 June 2015). "Film Review: 'I Am Somebody'". variety.com. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[15]
Citation Linkwww.theguardian.comExtra helping
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[16]
Citation Linktophollywoodactingcoach.comBackground Actors, Extras or Atmosphere?
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[17]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comThe Truth About Being an Extra: How to Become a Good Background Actor
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[18]
Citation Linkwww.bbc.co.uk"How to be an Extra"
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[19]
Citation Linkweb.archive.org"Make money being a film or TV extra"
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM
[20]
Citation Linkwww.moneymagpie.comthe original
Sep 19, 2019, 8:43 AM