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Council of People's Commissars

Council of People's Commissars

The Council of People's Commissars (Russian: Совет народных комиссаров or Совнарком, translit. Soviet narodnykh kommissarov or Sovnarkom, also as generic SNK) was a government institution formed soon after the October Revolution during 1917. Created in the Russian Republic, the council began forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It evolved to become the greatest executive authority of the government of the USSR. The premier of this council was thus the head of government (whereas the Premier of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was head of state).

The 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR formalized the role of the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR): it was to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees having the force of law when the Congress was not in session. The Congress then routinely approved these decrees at its next session.

When the USSR was established during December 1922, the USSR Sovnarkom was modeled on the RSFSR Sovnarkom. It was transformed during 1946 into the Council of Ministers.[1]

Original People's Commissars

The first council elected by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was composed as follows. Many early comissars later opposed the party majority organized by Stalin and allegedly conspired with the Trotskyist opposition[2] or some other opposition group, which resulted in their expulsion from the party or being arrested. The party had banned factional opposition groups at the Eleventh Party Congress during 1921.[3] Still the original People's Comissariat included Left-Communists, Trotskyists and other ex-oppositionists. Most alleged conspirators were executed for treason during the Great Purge, some had sentences reduced to imprisonment.[4]

People's CommissarOriginal incumbentDeath
PremierVladimir LeninStroke, 1924
SecretaryNikolai GorbunovExecuted 1938
People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the RSFSRVladimir Milyutindied in prison 1937
Council of People's Commissars on War and Navy AffairsNikolai Krylenko (War College)Executed 1938
Pavel Dybenko (Navy College)Executed 1938
People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry of the RSFSRViktor NoginNatural causes 1924
People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSRAnatoly LunacharskyNatural causes 1933
People's Commissariat for FoodIvan TeodorovichExecuted 1937
People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSRLeon TrotskyAssassinated 1940
People's Commissariat for Interior Affairs of the RSFSRAlexei RykovExecuted 1938
People's Commissariat for JusticeGeorgy OppokovExecuted 1938
People's Commissariat for LabourAlexander ShlyapnikovExecuted 1937
People's Commissariat of Marine Fleet of the USSRSemyon Dukelsky (Russian:Дукельский, Семён Семёнович)In connection with the increased paranoia is placed in the hospital. He wrote denunciations against doctors allegedly plotting to kill him on instructions from US intelligence.[5] Natural causes 1960
People's Commissariat of NationalitiesJoseph StalinNatural causes 1953
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSRNikolai Glebov-AvilovExecuted 1937
People's Commissariat for Railways(vacant)
People's Commissariat for FinanceIvan Skvortsov-StepanovTyphoid fever 1928
People's Commissariat for Social WelfareAlexandra KollontaiNatural causes 1952

All-Union Sovnarkom

Upon the creation of the USSR in 1922, the Union's government was modelled after the first Sovnarkom. The Soviet republics retained their own governments which dealt with domestic matters.

Sovmin

In 1946, the Sovnarkoms were transformed into the Council of Ministers (Sovmin) at both all-Union and Union Republic level.[1][6][7]

Councils by administrative division

Soviet republics

  • Council of People's Commissars (Soviet Union)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Russia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine) (Temporary government of Workers and Peasants of Ukraine)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Belarus), including LitBel

  • Council of People's Commissars (Azerbaijan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Far East)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Armenia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Bukhara)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Khorezm)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Georgia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Abkhazia), including as autonomous

  • Council of People's Commissars (Turkestan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Transcaucasia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Kazakhstan), including as autonomous Kyrgyz (before 1925)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Turkmenistan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Kyrgyzstan), including as autonomous Kyrgyz (after 1925)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Uzbekistan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Tajikistan), including as autonomous

  • Council of People's Commissars (Karelia-Finland), including as autonomous Karelia

  • Council of People's Commissars (Moldova), including as autonomous

  • Council of People's Commissars (Lithuania)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Latvia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Estonia)

Autonomous republics

  • Council of People's Commissars (Adjara)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Volga German)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Bashkorstan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Buryat-Mongolia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Mountainous)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Dagestan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Kabardin-Balkaria), including Kabardin (1944-1957)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Cossack)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Kalmykia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Karakalpakistan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Komi)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Crimea)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Mari)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Mordva)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Nakhichevan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (North Osetia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Tatarstan)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Tuva)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Udmurtia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Chechnia-Ingushetia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Chuvashia)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Yakutia)

Failed or quasi

  • Council of People's Commissars (Donetsk-Krivoi Rog)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Odessa), initially as Rumcherod

  • Council of People's Commissars (Poland)

  • Council of People's Commissars (Galicia)

  • Council of People's Secretaries (Soviet Ukraine)

See also

  • 26 Baku Commissars

  • Government of the Soviet Union

  • Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

  • First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

  • Executive Officer of the Soviet Union

  • Council of Ministers

  • Cabinet of Ministers

References

[1]
Citation Linkwww.economics.kiev.ua"О преобразовании Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР в Совет Министров СССР и Советов Народных Комиссаров Союзных и Автономных республик в Советы Министров Союзных и Автономных республик" 15 марта 1946 года [On Reforming the Council of People's Commissars into the Council of Ministers, and the Councils of People's Commissars of Union and Autonomous Republics into the Councils of Ministers of Union and Autonomous Republics, 15 March 1946]. Legislation of the USSR 1946-1952 (in Russian). World and Market Economy - Collection of Articles on Economy, Igor Averin. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
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[2]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgPierre Broué, The "Bloc" of the Oppositions against Stalin
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[3]
Citation Linkwww.marxists.orgLenin, Vladimir. "Eleventh Congress Of The R.C.P.(B.) March 27-April 2, 1922". www.marxists.org.
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[4]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgGetty, Origins of the great purges
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[5]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgAuthor: Кодинцев А. Я.: "Государственная политика в сфере юстиции в СССР. 30-50-е годы XX века." — Куртамыш: ГУП «Куртамышская типография», 2008. — Pages: 381,387,392
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[6]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comHuskey, Eugene (1992). Executive power and Soviet politics: the rise and decline of the Soviet state. M.E. Sharpe. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-56324-059-1.
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[7]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comLaw, David A. (1975). Russian civilization. Ardent Media. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8422-0529-0.
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[8]
Citation Linkweb.archive.orgGovernments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1917–1964
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[9]
Citation Linkweb.archive.org1964–1991
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[10]
Citation Linkwww.economics.kiev.ua"О преобразовании Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР в Совет Министров СССР и Советов Народных Комиссаров Союзных и Автономных республик в Советы Министров Союзных и Автономных республик" 15 марта 1946 года
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[11]
Citation Linkwww.marxists.org"Eleventh Congress Of The R.C.P.(B.) March 27-April 2, 1922"
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[12]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comExecutive power and Soviet politics: the rise and decline of the Soviet state
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[13]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comRussian civilization
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM
[14]
Citation Linkweb.archive.orgGovernments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1917–1964
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[15]
Citation Linkweb.archive.org1964–1991
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[16]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Sep 20, 2019, 6:45 PM