The Toyota Kijang (Japanese: トヨタ・キジャン, Toyota Kijan), an acronym of "Kerja Sama Indonesia-Jepang" (English: Indonesia-Japan Cooperation), is a series of pickup trucks and MPVs sold mainly in Southeast Asia by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer/muntjac in Indonesian, was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it had become the most popular car in the country of its time. The same vehicle was introduced earlier in the Philippines as the Toyota Tamaraw, where it was launched in December 1976. Fourth generation models in the Philippines were sold under the Toyota Revo nameplate. The Kijang is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Toyota Qualis in India and Nepal (third generation), Toyota Zace in Taiwan and Vietnam (third and fourth generation), Toyota Unser in Malaysia (fourth generation) and Toyota Stallion in Africa for the basic models (third and fourth generation), with higher specifications labelled Toyota Venture (third generation) and Toyota Condor in South Africa (fourth generation).

It is relatively affordable in the markets where it was sold when compared to the four-wheel drive vehicles (the Kijang is a rear-wheel drive vehicle) and has high seating capacity, high ground clearance and rugged suspension, popular features in an area with generally poor road conditions and large extended families.

It is manufactured as a CKD (complete knock-down) unit in almost every country it is sold in and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it is sold. The Kijang was designed with ease of manufacture in mind; in 1986, the assembly of the Kijang only cost 42 percent of the cost of assembling the much smaller Corolla 1300.^[1]

The Kijang prototype was first displayed at the 1975 Jakarta Fair and then entered production in 1977. The first generation Kijang was a compact, light pickup truck powered by a carburetted 1.2-liter 3K four-cylinder OHV petrol engine matched to a 4-speed manual transmission. A pickup variant with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus (van/wagon version) was built by a local company.

The Kijang first entered the Indonesian market on 9 June 1977, although it had been on sale in the Philippines since 2 December 1976.^[6] It has a boxy design with externally hinged half doors and plastic/canvas windows.

Designated KF10, it shared the 3K engine with the 1972 Corolla, coupled to a 4-speed manual transmission. It was nicknamed "Kijang Buaya" (Crocodile Kijang) as the engine hood resembled a crocodile's mouth once opened. The KF10 Kijang was sold 26,806 units in its 4 years of production, when it would be replaced by the second generation model.

In the Philippines, the Kijang was sold as the Tamaraw (named for one of the country's national animals, the Tamaraw), produced in the 1970s up to early 1980s. Introduced in December 1976, it started as a small 3⁄4 ton high-side pick-up (HSPU) with a 1.2-liter 3K engine producing 41 kW (55 hp; 56 PS), and was produced by the now-defunct Delta Motors, which assembled Toyota vehicles in the Philippines. It was considered as a BUV, or "Basic Utility Vehicle".^[6] It had a 4-speed manual transmission, and some models had no driver- or front passenger-side doors. Because of its ruggedness and ease of maintenance, even its upgradability (some swap the 3K engine with a more powerful engine, usually a diesel engine or any in Toyota's "K" series of engines), some of these vehicles survive today, and its designs are sometimes copied or modified by local assemblers to this day. It was so successful that General Motors (through Francisco Motors), Ford, and Chrysler (with Mitsubishi) created their own versions, including the two versions of the Pinoy and the Ford Fiera and Chrysler-Mitsubishi Cimarron.

The KF10 Tamaraw was also imported and distributed in Papua New Guinea in 1980 by Ela Motors, a division of the Burns Philip Group. The vehicle was renamed to Toyota Traka and was described as "using the same engine as the popular Toyota Corolla, the Traka is a basic utility vehicle capable of carrying a payload of 750 kg (1,653 lb) and developing more than 60 hp".^[7]

The second generation Kijang (designated KF20) retained its boxy style although the body panels were different. Under its slimmer hood was a 1.3-liter 4K engine, which was replaced in December 1985 by a 1.5-liter 5K engine.^[8] The only transmission option was a 4-speed manual. With the 5K engine, the power increased from 40 kW (54 hp; 54 PS) to 43 kW (58 hp; 58 PS), both at 5,600 rpm.^[8] The 1986 model can be seen from the outside by rectangular headlamps and a redesigned grille.^[8] The Kijang started selling very strongly in 1983 and 1984, catching up to erstwhile market leaders such as the Suzuki Super Carry and the Daihatsu Hijet. The more powerful Kijang offered more carrying capacity, while the engine placement made it safer than its cheaper, kei truck-based competitors.^[10] In February 1985, the 100,000th Kijang left the production line.^[8]

In the Philippines, the Tamaraw was also sold as the long wheelbase F30 series, which was also promoted as an alternative to the jeepney. A local Philippine auto brand, Dragon, later took the designs of the long wheelbase Tamaraw and marketed it. Nissan, through its local assembler Universal Motors, later assembled and marketed their own variant on the AUV theme: the Bida ("protagonist" in Tagalog), which resembles the long-wheelbase Tamaraw.

Introduced in November 1986, the third generation Kijang was offered in short wheelbase (F40 series) and long wheelbase (F50 series) versions.

The Kijang was redesigned to be larger and heavier, and no longer prioritized as a pickup truck.

The Standard trim level had a 4-speed manual transmission, while the Super variant had a 5-speed manual transmission and a better equipped interior. Introduced in this generation was Full Pressed Body wagon built by companies appointed by Toyota. This technique were applied to reduce usage of putties up to 2–5 kg (4–11 lb) for each car.

The Kijang received its first facelift in August 1992.

The wagon model received a right-side rear door and adopted a new name, Toyota Original Body, instead of Full Pressed Body. In its creation process, it was fully pressed and used pointed welding. Up to this time, this model can be said as the one and only putty-free Kijang. The trim levels for the wagon model were:

The Kijang Kencana (KF42/KF52) is a coachbuilder model based on Kijang Rover/Jantan with higher roof and higher ground clearance.

In April 1995, the Kijang received a second facelift, including a redesigned grille, usage of Enkei 14-inch alloy wheels, redesigned steering wheel, addition of tachometers for Deluxe trim, and larger 1.8-liter 7K engine. With the introduction of the 7K engine, the production of the 5K engine was completely stopped. On 17 August 1995, a 4-speed automatic transmission was introduced as an optional modification for the SGX and LGX models for the first time in the Kijang. This 1995–1996 version was an anniversary model and was relatively expensive—it cost Rp 100,000,000 at the time.

The Kijang was sold in India under the Qualis name.^[11] The Qualis was based on the third generation global model, but updated with front and rear styling and minor changes in appearance and sharing some fourth generation drivetrain components. Critics said the vehicle was outdated that came with an awkward design (non-aerodynamic) and did not expect it to sell well. However, Qualis was a hit as the vehicle was welcomed by taxi, fleet operators and large Indian families over others like Tata's Sumo and Mahindra's Bolero.^[12] The Qualis is powered by either a 2.4-liter 2L-II SOHC diesel engine or a fuel-injected 2.0-liter 1RZ-E

A version was built and sold in South Africa as the Venture, with the pickup variant called the Stallion. The advertising campaign for the Stallion had local Afrikaans comedian Tolla Van Der Merwe, and because of his popularity it is commonly called the "Tolla bakkie".

In the Philippines, versions of the Kijang were sold as the Tamaraw FX when it was introduced in the early 1990s. The Tamaraw FX was available either with a 1.8-liter 7K petrol engine or a 2.0-liter 2C diesel engine, all coupled with a 5-speed manual transmission. Power was 59 kW (79 hp; 80 PS) and 51 kW (68 hp; 69 PS) respectively, allowing for top speeds of 130 or 125 km/h (81 or 78 mph). Standard, Deluxe and GL were the trim levels offered.

The Tamaraw FX was meant for use as a passenger wagon.

It still retained the ruggedness of the old Tamaraw and is ideal for rough roads and carrying heavy loads.

It was assembled by Toyota Motor Philippines. Also around this time, along with the Nissan Bida, local car assembler Carter Motors came up with their own version, the Masa (Tagalog for masses, implying that the car is within reach of the masses).

In January 1997, the fourth generation Kijang was launched with a more rounded, aerodynamic shape.

It was more powerful and more refined than its predecessors.

The wagon model, often known as "Kijang Kapsul" (Capsule Kijang), was designated either the F70 series (short wheelbase) or the F80 series (long wheelbase), and features a rear liftgate rather than a side-opening rear door, with some coachbuild versions still retain the latter. The pickup model was designated as the F60 series. For the first time, the 2L diesel-powered Kijang was offered and later became the most popular model. Either the carburetted 7K or the fuel-injected 7K-E-powered Kijang was also the most popular model due to its low maintenance cost, despite being underpowered compared to the 2.0-liter 1RZ-E unit. It was built on the same platform as the sixth generation Hilux.

The fourth generation wagon model Kijangs were generally released in four series of trims, depending on wheelbase options:

The pickup model was offered in Standard Deck and Flat Deck variants.

Some versions called "Grand Rover Ace" and "Jantan Raider", which were made by local coachbuilders, was also sold only in a few units.

The fourth generation Kijang has undergone several changes:

The fourth generation Kijang was sold in Malaysia as the Unser between mid-1998 to May 2005 when it was replaced by the Innova.^[17] Beginning in July 2000, an automatic variant was available with the 1.8 7K-E engine.^[18] In April 2001, a facelift was introduced. Changes included new multi-reflector headlamps, integrated spotlights into the front bumper, clear lenses with coloured bulbs for the taillights and a new steering wheel design.^[19] For 2003, the Unser was updated again and only available with the 1.8 7K-E engine,^[20] but with two variants: GLi and LGX.

Front

Rear

The fourth generation Kijang was sold in the Philippines under the Tamaraw FX Revo nameplate. The model was introduced in 1998 to replace the Tamaraw FX (though it was sold alongside it for a while). The platform and diesel engine were based from the similar era Hilux. Engine choices include a 1.8-liter EFI for the petrol engine and 2.4-liter diesel engine. Trim levels available are the DLX (entry level), GL, GLX, SR (Sport Runner), the high-end LXV, VX200 and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J (part of Toyota's series of J, or Japan-spec, vehicles, which extended to the Hilux and the RAV4). The LXV trim was discontinued in the 2000 model year in favor of the VX200, while the GSX is a whole new variant. Facelifted versions were introduced in 2002; two J-spec trim lines (SR-J and VX200-J) were retired from the line, and higher-end trim versions received upgraded leather seating, entertainment systems and appointments.

The DLX has a vinyl interior, a two spoke steering wheel, a two-speaker radio/tape set-up and steel wheels with center ornaments.

The GL grade has steel wheels with hubcaps, a four speaker radio/tape set-up and a fabric interior.

The GLX, SR and LXV has a six speaker radio/tape set-up, fog lamps, alloy wheels, a rear wiper and all power amenities.

Body graphics are exclusive to the SR and LXV only.

The LXV had gold-trimmed badges.

The SR has the word "Sport Runner" written in a font set similar to the one used for the Supra. It sold very well, in 1998 it accumulated a total sales of 7,700 units. Safety features were basic such as safety belts, load sensing proportioning valve, child-proof door locks and door impact beams.

The first released diesel powered Revo was notorious for being a smoke belcher, even among other diesels at that time, with some complaints from owners.

Despite this, Mazda, Ford and Isuzu released competing models, most notably the Isuzu Hi-Lander and its popular variant the Crosswind.

For 2000, Toyota revised the Revo, with badge changes and trim line revamp.

Engine choices include the 1.8-liter EFI and new 2.0-liter SOHC EFI petrol engines and a 2.4-liter OHC direct-injection diesel engine.

The 2-liter diesel engine has been revised to address smoke-belching complaints.

The Revo received a facelift, featuring clear halogen headlamps, new wheels, new interiors and availability of new colours.

Trim levels include the DLX (entry level), GL, GSX, GLX, SR (Sport Runner), VX200 and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J (part of Toyota's series of J, or Japan-spec, vehicles, which extended to the Hilux and the RAV4).

The VX line eventually replaced the LXV; and the GSX is a whole new variant.

The DLX, the entry level, has only power steering, and no other power features. This variant lacks a tachometer, and is equipped only with a tape deck/radio receiver, 2 speakers in the front row only, vinyl interior and it has 14-inch steel wheels with center ornament. The GL is the "higher-end entry-level" with radio-cd setup, fabric interior, tachometer, and steel wheels with hubcaps. The remaining lines has all-power features, CD player/radio receiver and six-speaker setup (but upgradable to a DVD player setup), as well as rear-window defoggers. The VX and SR-J lines have leather seats and TV screens mounted on the dashboard and on the headrests. Only the SR-J, a special version of the SR (distinct wheels, unique livery), the GSX and the VX200 and VX200J had 2.0 liter petrol engines and power fender-mounted radio antennas. Front-facing third-row seats were made as an option albeit without three-point seatbelts,^[21] a rarity for the vehicle type at that time in the Philippines.

The VX240D (2L diesel) was introduced to the new lineup in mid-2004.

The Revo received its third and last refreshing.

The J series of Toyota vehicles were discontinued, hence the discontinuation of its two J-spec trim lines (SR-J and VX200-J).

It received a badge revision, availability of new colours and exterior and interior details, including a 3 spoke steering wheel with a chrome Toyota logo, larger headlamps, Land Cruiser style tail lights (which are present in the fourth-generation Kijang), upgraded audio systems and other additional features. The top trim (VX200 and VX240D) received upgraded leather seats, upgraded entertainment systems, chrome appointments, side-steps(together with the SR variant) and upgraded dual DVD monitors. For the SR, a new livery was introduced, as well as the words "SPORT RUNNER" executed in plain text, discontinuing the use of the font used for the Supra. GLX and GSX grades received new wheels and different livery for the GSX

It had good sales expectations but was discontinued in 2005 likely due to Toyota's IMV project.

The last Revos were either sold to rental fleets, police departments, or people who want to snap the last few examples, until February 2005.

The Zace Surf, Condor andStallion are high roof station wagon based on the long wheelbase Kijang wagon. For the right hand drive African market Condor was offered with a choice 2.0 L, 2.4 L Petrol engine and a 3.0 L Diesel. Unique to the Condor is the 7-seat configuration with second row individual seating, door locks integrated to the inner door handles, Corolla style outside door handles and the lack of a rear cooler option. An 8-seat configuration was later made available and the third row bench seat was later exchanged for a 50/50 side folding unit. Full time 4WD, Anti-lock brakes and driver side airbag were available in TX trim. The Condor is sold as well in Ghana with 1.8 L and 3.0D engines with a 10-seat configuration.^[22]

The Stallion Panel Van was introduced initially with a 1.8-liter 2Y engine sharing the F60 designation with the Kijang/Zace pickup, later replaced by a 2.0L unit as a base engine for both the South African market Condor and Stallion models in 2003 as well as the 3.0 D engine both designated a chassis code of F61 in a 5-seat configuration with second row seats having lap belts instead of the standard three-point seat belts found in the Condor's outermost seats.

The left-hand drive Zace Surf for the Taiwanese market was available in both 5- and 8-seater configurations with a choice of either a 1.8 or 2.4 petrol engine.

Anti-lock brakes were optional with the 1.8 L petrol variant in GL Limited and DX trims while included as standard with Driver side airbag in 4WD equipped 2.4 L variants.

The 8-seat configuration for 2.4 L variants was later discontinued and the third row seat was exchanged with a 50/50 split side folding unit and three-point seatbelts were added for outermost third row seats.

Unique for the Zace Surf is the use of a printed window antenna in higher end trims.

For both African and Taiwanese market vehicles, only the 2.4-liter 2RZ was available with an option of an automatic transmission, standard in 2WD Zace Surfs.

The single cab variant of the Zace was offered with a 1.8-liter 7K engine in either flatside or standard deck configuration.

Due to its diversified roles in its respective markets the Kijang was succeeded by the Avanza and Toyota IMV platform vehicles.

Toyota replaced the Kijang station wagon across Southeast Asia with the smaller Avanza in 2003, and the larger Innova in 2004.^[23] The latter has been retailed by Toyota Astra Motor in Indonesia as the "Kijang Innova" to retain its linkage with the original model. Toyota categorize the Innova as the fifth and sixth generation Kijang. The Kijang pickup was sold until early 2007,^[24][25] when it was replaced by the Hilux pickup truck to comply with the Euro 2 emission standards.^[26]

The Indian market Qualis was replaced by the Innova, skipping the fourth generation model entirely.^[27]

The Malaysian market Unser was sold alongside the Avanza introduced in late 2004^[28] until the middle of 2005,^[29] when it was discontinued in favor of the Innova being introduced.^[30]

The Innova was marketed in 2005 as the successor to the Revo in the Philippine market^[31] with marketing material referring to the Innova as "A Beautiful [R]evolution"^[32] referencing the Revo nameplate. Given the family oriented nature of the Innova, taxi and commercial businesses served previously by the entry level DLX and GL Revo trims were now served by the Avanza, while the upmarket SR and VX trims now being catered to by the Fortuner SUV.

The Taiwanese Zace Surf was replaced with the Innova^[33] equipped with the 2.7 L 2TR-FE petrol engine with no replacement for the four-wheel-drive variant and pickup truck. The Fortuner, then codenamed IMV4, was slated to be imported by local distributor Hotai Motors as to reflect the Zace Surf's then current lineup however due to strategic consideration by Toyota, the Innova was launched in 2007 instead with the 2TR-FE to meet emission regulations with the smaller 1TR-FE being introduced later to replace the larger engine. In 2016, the Innova was discontinued from the Taiwanese market with the second generation Innova not slated to be imported.^[34]

The Africa/Ghana market Condor was replaced by the Fortuner in 2006,^[35] Avanza in 2007^[36] and Innova introduced in late 2011,^[37] while panel van duties served by the African market Stallion were passed onto a panel van version of the Avanza^[38] introduced in late 2013.^[39] The second generation Innova is not slated to be introduced to the South African market due to shrinking MPV market and poor sales.^[40]