Patrol boat
Patrol boat
A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence duties. There have been many designs for patrol boats. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police force or customs and may be intended for marine (blue water) or estuarine or river ("brown water") environments. They are commonly found engaged in various border protection roles, including anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fisheries patrols, and immigration law enforcement. They are also often called upon to participate in rescue operations. Vessels of this type include the original yacht (from Dutch/Low German jacht meaning hunting or hunt), a light, fast-sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into shallow waters.
Classification
They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) and offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). They are warships typically smaller in size than a corvette and can include fast attack craft, torpedo boats and missile boats, although some are as large as a frigate. The offshore patrol vessels are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that is large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean. In larger militaries, such as in the United States military, offshore patrol vessels usually serve in the coast guard, but many smaller nations navies operate these type of ships.
History
During both World Wars in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolescent naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats. Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns or a close-in weapon system. Depending on role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles.
Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the 25–30 knots (46–56 km/h; 29–35 mph) range. They are primarily used for patrol in a country's Exclusive Economic Zone. Common tasks are fisheries inspection, anti-smuggling (usually anti-narcotics) duties, illegal immigration patrols, anti-piracy patrols and search and rescue (law enforcement-type of work). The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in the navy.
Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common type of warship in the world. Almost all navies operate at least a few offshore patrol vessels, especially those with only "green water" capabilities. They are useful in smaller seas such as the North Sea as well as in open oceans. Similar vessels for exclusively military duties include torpedo boats and missile boats. The United States Navy operated the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoils for years, in a patrol boat role. The River Patrol Boat (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") is a U.S. design of small patrol boat type designed to patrol waters of large rivers.
Specific nations
Albania
Iliria, an example of a modern Patrol boat of the Albanian Naval Force
Iliria (Albanian Navy Brigade)
Argentina
Argentine Naval Prefecture's GC67 patrol vessel
Mantilla-class patrol vessel, Argentine Naval Prefecture
Z-28-class patrol vessel, Argentine Naval Prefecture
Australia
HMAS Armidale of the Royal Australian Navy
Attack-class patrol boat, (Royal Australian Navy) – 1967 to 1985
Fremantle-class patrol boat, (Royal Australian Navy) – 1979 to 2007
Pacific-class patrol boat, (Australian built, gifted by Australian government to 12 Pacific Island countries), 1987–present
Armidale-class patrol boat, (Royal Australian Navy) – 2005 to present
Arafura-class Offshore Patrol Vessel, (Royal Australian Navy) – Expected to enter service in 2021
Bay-class patrol boat, (Australian Border Force Marine Unit) – 1999 to present
Australian Customs Vessel Triton, (Australian Border Force Marine Unit) – 2000 to 2016
Cape-class patrol boat, (Australian Border Force Marine Unit) – Bay class replacement from 2013
Bahamas
Bahamas-class 60m patrol vessel, (Royal Bahamas Defence Force)
Protector-class patrol boat
Bangladesh
BNS Nirmul, a Durjoy Class Large Patrol Craft of the Bangladesh Navy.
Durjoy-class LPC
Island-class patrol vessel
Sea Dragon-class offshore patrol vessel
Padma-class offshore patrol vessel (Bangladesh Navy)
Meghna-class large patrol boats (Bangladesh Navy)
Hainan-class submarine chaser
Kraljevica-class patrol boat
Barkat ('Haizhui' class/Type 062) small patrol boat
Ajay-class patrol boat
Shaheed ('Shanghai-II') class small patrol boat
Brazil
Grajaú class offshore patrol vessel
Bracuí class patrol vessel (ex-River-class minesweeper)
Imperial Marinheiro-class offshore patrol vessel
Piratini-class patrol vessel
J-class patrol vessel
Roraima-class river patrol vessel
Pedro Teixeira-class river patrol vessel
Macaé-class-offshore patrol vessel
Belgium
P901 Castor (2014)
P902 Pollux (2015)
Bulgaria
Obzor (525)
Canada
PTC Orca, an Orca-class patrol boat of the Royal Canadian Navy
Orca class, (Royal Canadian Navy)
Hero class, (Canadian Coast Guard)
China
Harbour security boat (PBI) – 4 newly built 80 ton class harbour security / patrol boats, and more are planned in order to take over the port security / patrol duties currently performed by the obsolete Shantou, Beihai, Huangpu, and Yulin classes gunboats, which are increasingly being converted to inshore surveying boats and range support boats.
Shanghai III (Type 062-I) class gunboats – 2
Shanghai II class gunboats
Shanghai I (Type 062) classes gunboats – 150+ active and at least 100 in reserve
Huludao (Type 206) class gunboat – 8+
Shantou class gunboats – less than 25 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
Beihai class gunboats – less than 30 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
Huangpu class gunboats – less than 15 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
Yulin class gunboats – less than 40 (being transferred to logistic duties)
Haixun class cutter(Type 718), China Coast Guard
Chile
Patrulleros de Zona Marítima FASSMER OPV-80 class. 4 of 6 units planned, built by ASMAR under license of FASSMER Gmbh:
OPV-81 "Piloto Pardo"
OPV-82 "Comandante Toro"
OPV-83 "Marinero Fuentealba". This unit has reinforced hull for Antarctic operations.
OPV-84 "Cabo Odger" with characteristics similar to the previous ship
06 MICALVI Class Patrol vessels built in ASMAR.
18 Protector Class Patrol crafts built by ASMAR under license of Fairey Brooke Marine.
04 DABUR Class Patrol crafts built in Israel.
Colombia
ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera PAV-IV class patrol boat of the Colombian Navy
Diligente-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
Nodriza-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
PAF-I-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
PAF-II-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
PAF-III-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
PAF-IV-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat, (Colombian Navy)
Riohacha-class gunboat, (Colombian Navy)
Fassmer-80 class, (Colombian Navy) (Built in Colombia by COTECMAR)
Croatia
Šolta (OB-02)
Omiš (OB-31)[3]
Denmark
HDMS Støren (P555), a Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel with the Royal Danish Navy
Knud Rasmussen-class OPV – 2 vessels
Diana-class IPV – 6 vessels *Danish Wikipedia
Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel
Thetis class OPV – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)
Beskytteren ocean patrol frigate OPV. (classed as ocean patrol frigates). Later sold to Estonia and renamed EML Admiral Pitka (A230)
Agdlek-class IPV – 3 vessels
Barsø class IPV – 9 vessels *Danish Wikipedia
Hvidbjørnen class OPV – 4 ships, classed as ocean patrol frigates. (Link in Danish)
Eritrea
Eritrea-class 60m patrol vessel, (Eritrean Navy)
Protector-class patrol boat
France
Maritime Gendarmerie Vedette class patrol boat
P400 class, (French Navy)
La Confiance Class, (French Navy) link in French
Floréal class, (French Navy)
Flamant class, (French Navy)
Espadon 50 class, (French Navy) 1991 to 2010
Trident-class patrol boat, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Géranium-class patrol boat, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Jonquille-class patrol boat, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Vedette-class patrol boat, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Pétulante-class patrol craft, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Pavois-class patrol craft, (Maritime Gendarmerie)
Finland
Kurki (51), a Kiisla-class patrol boat with the Finnish Navy
Kiisla class (Formerly Finnish Border Guard, now Finnish Navy)
UVL10, an offshore patrol vessel built at STX Finland Rauma shipyard in 2014
VMV class (Finnish Navy)
Germany
Potsdam class - 2018 to present
Bad Bramstedt class – 2002 to present
PA class – 1943 to 1945
R boats – 1929 to 1945
Type 139 patrol trawler – 1956 to mid-1970s
Greece
Hellenic Navy
Hellenic Coast Guard
Saar 4[7] acting as Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV)
Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
Abeking & Rasmussen Patrol Vessels, class Dilos
POB-24G Patrol Vessels, class Faiakas
CB90-HCG
Lambro 57 and derivatives, all being boats for coastal patrols
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Police Force
Sea Panther class large command boat
Iceland
ICGV Týr (Icelandic Coast Guard)
ICGV Óðinn (Icelandic Coast Guard)
ICGV Þór (Icelandic Coast Guard)
ICGV Ægir (Icelandic Coast Guard)
India
The Indian Coast Guard's offshore patrol vessel ICGS Vishwast (OPV-30) at the port of Kobe, Japan.
Saryu-class patrol vessel of the Indian navy
Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
Saryu-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
Bangaram-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
Sukanya-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
Samar-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Vishwast-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Sarojini Naidu-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Tara Bai-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Priyadarshini-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Jija Bai-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Aadesh-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
Indonesia
FPB 28, Indonesian Police and Indonesian Customs, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
FPB 38, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
FPB 57, Indonesian Navy, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by Lurssen and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
PC-40, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
PC-60 trimaran, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
OPV 80 - 80 meter long marine steel, is armed with 57 mm main gun, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
OPV 110 - 110 meter long marine steel grade A, is armed with 57 mm main gun, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard
Ireland
Irish Naval Service Large Patrol Vessel (LPV) LÉ Niamh
Irish Naval Service[8]
Emer-class Offshore Patrol Vessels LÉ Deirdre (P20) (1972–2001) LÉ Emer (P21) (1978–2013) LÉ Aoife (P22) (1979–2015) LÉ Aisling (P23) (1980–2016)
LÉ Eithne-class Helicopter Patrol Vessel LÉ Eithne (P31)
Peacock-class Coastal Patrol Vessels LÉ Orla (P41) LÉ Ciara (P42)
Róisín-class Large Patrol Vessels LÉ Róisín (P51) LÉ Niamh (P52)
Samuel Beckett-class Offshore Patrol Vessels LÉ Samuel Beckett (P61) LÉ James Joyce (P62) LÉ William Butler Yeats (P63) LÉ George Bernard Shaw (P64)
Israel
Slovenian Navy HPL-21, an example of the Israeli-made Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat also in service with the Israeli Navy
Dabur class patrol boats – Israeli Navy
Dvora class fast patrol boat – Israeli Navy
Super Dvora Mk II – Israeli Navy
Super Dvora Mk III – Israeli Navy
Shaldag class fast patrol boats Shaldag Mk II – Israeli Navy
Nachshol class patrol boats (Stingray Interceptor-2000) – Israeli Navy
Italy
Italian Navy Comandanti-class Cigala Fulgosi
Italian Coast Guard patrol boat U. Diciotti, CP-902
Zara class, (Italian Guardia di Finanza)
Saettia class, (Italian Coast Guard)
Diciotti – CP 902 class, (Italian Coast Guard)
Cassiopea class, (Italian Marina Militare)
Cassiopea II class, (Italian Marina Militare)
Esploratore class, (Italian Marina Militare)
Comandanti-class, (Italian Marina Militare)
Japan
Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the largest patrol boat in the world
Japan Coast Guard "Hida" (PL51)
Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the largest patrol boat.
Mizuho-class (Japan Coast Guard),Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck and hangar.
Tsugaru-class (Japan Coast Guard),Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck and hangar.
Hida class (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck.
Kunigami class (Kunisaki class)
Iwami class
Hateruma class
Aso class (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed Large patrol Vessel.
Amami class (Japan Coast Guard), medium-sized patrol Vessel
Hayabusa-class (JMSDF,Japanese Navy), Corvette class patrol vessel by JMSDF(Navy) Fleet.
"Sōya",(Japan Coast Guard), icebreaker
Latvia
Skrunda class, world's first SWATH patrol boat (Latvian Naval Forces)
Malaysia
Kedah class offshore patrol vessel, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
Gagah Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Ramunia Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Nusa Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Sipadan Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Rhu Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Pengawal Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Peninjau Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Pelindung Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Semilang Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Penggalang Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Penyelamat Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Pengaman Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Kilat Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Malawali Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Langkawi Class Patrol Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Malta
Protector class patrol boat P52 of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta.
Protector class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2002–present
Diciotti class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2005–present
P21 class inshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2010–present
Emer class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2015–present
Mexico
ARM Oaxaca, lead boat of the Oaxaca-class.
Durango-class offshore patrol vessels in formation.
Coastal patrol boat Azteca-class Tenochtitlan-class
Offshore patrol vessel Durango-class Holzinger-class Oaxaca-class Uribe-class
Morocco
Royal Moroccan NavyOPV-70
OPV-70 class, offshore patrol vessel (Royal Moroccan Navy)
OPV-64 class, offshore patrol vessel (Royal Moroccan Navy)
Netherlands
Holland class offshore patrol vessels (Koninklijke Marine)
New Zealand
Protector OPV (Royal New Zealand Navy) (2008)
Protector IPV (Royal New Zealand Navy) (2008)
Moa-class patrol boat (Royal New Zealand Navy)(1983–2008)
Norway
NoCGV Tor (W334 KYSTVAKT) from Nornen Class of the Norwegian Coast Guard
Royal Norwegian Navy
Rapp-class
Tjeld-class
Storm-class
Snøgg-class
Hauk-class
Skjold-class
Norwegian Coast Guard
Barentshav class OPV
Harstad class OPV
Nordkapp class OPV
Nornen class
Svalbard class icebreaker
Philippines
Philippine Navy
Mariano Alvarez class
Kagitingan class
Tomas Batillo class
Conrado Yap class
Jose Andrada class
Jacinto-class corvette
Multi-purpose Attack Craft
Gregorio del Pilar-class offshore patrol vessel
Philippine Coast Guard
Gabriela Silang-class Offshore Patrol Vessel
San Juan-class patrol vessel
Parola-class patrol boat
Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat
Peru
Río Zarumilla class, Peruvian Coast Guard
Rio Cañete class, Peruvian Coast Guard
Portugal
NRP Viana do Castelo, offshore patrol vessel of the Portuguese Navy
Portuguese Navy
Centauro class
Viana do Castelo class
Albatroz class
Cacine class
Argos class
National Republican Guard (GNR)
Ribamar class
Romania
SNR-17 class patrol boats, Romanian Border Police
Stefan Cel Mare patrol vessel, Romanian Border Police
Russia
Russian Coast Guard Rubin class patrol boat Zhemchug on the Almaz Shipbuilding Company
Stenka class patrol boat(Project 02059), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
Bogomol Class patrol boat(Project 02065), Russian Navy
Mirage class patrol vessel(Project 14310), Russian Coast Guard
Svetlyak class patrol boat(Project 10410), Russian Coast Guard
Ogonek class patrol boat(Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
Mangust class patrol boat(Project 12150, Russian Coast Guard
Sobol class patrol boat(Project 12200), Russian Coast Guard
Terrier class patrol boat (Project 14170), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
Rubin class patrol boat(Project 22460), Russian Coast Guard
Okean class patrol vessel(Project 22100), Russian Coast Guard
Vosh class river patrol craft(Project 12481), Russian Coast Guard
Piyavka class river patrol craft(Project 1249), Russian Coast Guard
Ogonek class river patrol craft(Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
Senegal
Fouladou, OPV 190 from Senegalese navy
Fouladou (OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
Kedougou (OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
Ferlo (RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
Conejera (Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
Fouta (Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
Njambuur (PR 72), Senegalese Navy
Singapore
Police Coast Guard third generation PT Class Flower Ray(PT65),conducting a sea-rescue demonstration
Fearless-class patrol vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy
PK class Interceptor Craft, Police Coast Guard
1st Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
2nd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
3rd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
4th Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
PC class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
Swift-class coastal patrol craft
Independence-class littoral mission vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy
Slovenia
Slovenian patrol boat Triglav
South Africa
An Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat, called the Warrior-class strike craft in the South African Navy
Warrior class (modified Saar 4 Open Sea Patrol Vessels)
Namacurra class
South Korea
Chamsuri-class (Republic of Korea Navy)
Gumdoksuri class patrol vessel
Spain
Meteoro (P-41)
Meteoro class
Descubierta class
Serviola class
Anaga class
Barceló class
Toralla class
Conejera class
Chilreu class
P111 class patrol boat
Cabo Fradera class
Sri Lanka
Jayasagara class (Sri Lanka Navy)
Colombo class (Sri Lanka Navy)
Suriname
Ocea Type FPB 98 class fast patrol boat
Ocea Type FPB 72 class fast patrol boat
Sweden
HSwMS Stockholm (PC-11), a Stockholm-class corvette with the Royal Swedish Navy
Hugin-class (based on the Norwegian Storm-class, decommissioned) – 16 ships
Kaparen-class (Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) – 8 ships
Stockholm-class (commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) – 2 ships
HMS Carlskrona (commissioned as minel layer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)
Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):
Typ 60-class (decommissioned) – 17 ships
Tapper class – 12 ships
The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.
Thailand
Pattani class (Royal Thai Navy)
River class (Royal Thai Navy)
T.991 class (Royal Thai Navy)
Turkey
Turkish TCG Karabiga (P-1205), one of the Tuzla-class patrol boats
Kılıç II class, Turkish Navy
Kılıç I class,Turkish Navy
Yıldız class,Turkish Navy
Rüzgar class,Turkish Navy
Doğan class,Turkish Navy
Kartal class,Turkish Navy
Türk class,Turkish Navy
Tuzla class,Turkish Navy
KAAN 15 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
KAAN 19 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
KAAN 29 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
KAAN 33 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
SAR 33 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
SAR 35 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
80 class,Turkish Coast Guard Command
United Kingdom
Two River class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Navy
Kingfisher-class patrol vessel of 1935
Motor Launch of World War II
Harbour Defence Motor Launch of World War II
River class patrol vessel
Castle class patrol vessel
Archer class patrol vessel
Island class patrol vessel
Scimitar class patrol vessel
United States
United States Navy
USS Firebolt (PC-10), a United States Navy Cyclone-class patrol ship
USCGC Knight Island (WPB-1348), a 110' Island-class patrol boat of the United States Coast Guard
179-foot Cyclone class patrol ship – US Navy (1993– )
85-Foot Mark VI patrol boat (2016- )
United States Coast Guard
87-foot Marine Protector class coastal patrol boat – USCG
110-foot Island class patrol boat – USCG
154-foot Sentinel class cutter – USCG
Vietnam
Type TT-120 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard