Everipedia Logo
Everipedia is now IQ.wiki - Join the IQ Brainlist and our Discord for early access to editing on the new platform and to participate in the beta testing.
P

P

P
ISO basic Latin alphabet
AaBbCcDd
EeFfGgHh
IiJjKkLl
MmNnOoPp
QqRrSsTt
UuVvWwXx
YyZz

    P (named pee /piː/[1] ) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

    P
    P p
    (See below)
    Usage
    Writing systemLatin script
    TypeAlphabetic and Logographic
    Language of originLatin language
    Phonetic usage[p]
    [pʰ]
    [(p)f]
    [pʼ]
    [b]
    /piː/
    Unicode valueU+0050, U+0070
    Alphabetical position16
    History
    Development
    D21
    • Proto-sinaitic P'it
      • Protope.svg
        • Phoenician Pe
          • Early Aramaic character - pey.png
            • Ancient Greek Pi
              • Early Greek Pi
                • EtruscanP-01.svg
                  • 𐌐
                    • P p
    Time period~-700 to present
    Descendants • Ᵽ
     • ₱
     • ℘
     • ℗
     • ♇
     • ꟼ
     • 𐍀
    SistersΠ π
    Ⲡ
    П
    פּ פ ף ف ܦ
    پ
    ࠐ
    𐎔
    በ
    ጰ
    ፐ
    Պ պ
    Variations(See below)
    Other
    Other letters commonly used withp(x), ph

    History

    Phoenician
    P    		Archaic Greek
    Pi    		Greek
    Pi    		Cyrillic
    Pe    		Etruscan
    P    		Latin
    P
    PhoenicianP-01.svgGreekP-02.svgPi uc lc.svgCyrillic letter Pe - uppercase and lowercase.svgEtruscanP-01.svgRoman P.svg

    Use in writing systems

    In English orthography and most other European languages, ⟨p⟩ represents the sound /p/.

    A common digraph in English is ⟨ph⟩, which represents the sound /f/, and can be used to transliterate ⟨φ⟩ phi in loanwords from Greek. In German, the digraph ⟨pf⟩ is common, representing a labial affricate /pf/.

    Most English words beginning with ⟨p⟩ are of foreign origin, primarily French, Latin, Greek, and Slavic; these languages preserve Proto-Indo-European initial *p. Native English cognates of such words often start with ⟨f⟩, since English is a Germanic language and thus has undergone Grimm's law; a native English word with initial /p/ would reflect Proto-Indo-European initial *b, which is so rare that its existence as a phoneme is disputed.

    However, native English words with non-initial ⟨p⟩ are quite common; such words can come from either Kluge's law or the consonant cluster /sp/ (PIE *p has been preserved after s).

    In the International Phonetic Alphabet, /p/ is used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive.

    Ancestors, descendants and siblings

    The Latin letter P represents the same sound as the Greek letter Pi, but it looks like the Greek letter Rho.

    • 𐤐 : Semitic letter Pe, from which the following symbols originally derive Π π : Greek letter Pi 𐌐 : Old Italic and Old Latin P, which derives from Greek Pi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin P. The Roman P had this form (𐌐) on coins and inscriptions until the reign of Claudius, ca. 50 AD (See also Claudian letters). 𐍀 : Gothic letter pertra/pairþa, which derives from Greek Pi П п : Cyrillic letter Pe, which also derives from Pi Ⲡ ⲡ : Coptic letter Pi

    • P with diacritics: Ṕ ṕ Ṗ ṗ Ᵽ ᵽ Ƥ ƥ ᵱ[2] ᶈ[3]

    • Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to P:[4] U+1D18 ᴘ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P U+1D3E ᴾ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL P U+1D56 ᵖ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P

    • ₚ : Subscript small p was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902[5]

    Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols

    • ₱ : Philippine peso sign

    • ℘ : script letter P, see Weierstrass p

    • ℗ : sound recording copyright symbol

    • ♇ : Pluto symbol

    • ꟼ : Reversed P was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for puella (girl)[6]

    • Ꝑ ꝑ, Ꝓ ꝓ, Ꝕ, ꝕ : Various forms of P were used for medieval scribal abbreviations[7]

    Computing codes

    CharacterPp
    Unicode nameLATIN CAPITAL LETTER P    LATIN SMALL LETTER P
    Encodingsdecimalhexdecimalhex
    Unicode80U+0050112U+0070
    UTF-8805011270
    Numeric character referencePPpp
    EBCDIC family215D715197
    ASCII1805011270
    1Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

    Other representations

    See also

    • Mind your Ps and Qs

    • Pence or "penny," the English slang for which is p (e.g. "20p" = 20 pence)

    References

    [1]
    Citation Linkopenlibrary.org"P", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "pee," op. cit.
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [2]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgConstable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [3]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgConstable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [4]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgEverson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [5]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgRuppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (2009-01-27). "L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [6]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgPerry, David J. (2006-08-01). "L2/06-269: Proposal to Add Additional Ancient Roman Characters to UCS" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [7]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.orgEverson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30). "L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [8]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [9]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [10]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [11]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [12]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/06-269: Proposal to Add Additional Ancient Roman Characters to UCS"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [13]
    Citation Linkwww.unicode.org"L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS"
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM
    [14]
    Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
    Sep 22, 2019, 7:13 PM