The National Maternity Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Náisiúnta Máithreachais), popularly known as Holles Street Hospital, is the largest maternity hospital in Ireland. The hospital is located at the eastern corner of Merrion Square, at its junction with Holles Street and Lower Mount Street in Dublin. It is managed by Ireland East Hospital Group.^[1]

The hospital was established through charitable donations in 1894 and received a Royal Charter, in line with other maternity hospitals in Dublin, in 1903.^[2] The Linen Guild, a charity to help mothers and babies in need of financial assistance, was established in 1912.^[3]

Elizabeth O'Farrell, a member of Cumann na mBan, served as a midwife, training and working in Holles Street in the early years of the 20th century before carrying the white flag delivering the surrender at the Easter Rising in 1916.^[4] The hospital became the first such facility to benefit from the Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake which funded extensive redevelopment in the 1930s.^[5] Antrim House, the former home of the Earls of Antrim on Merrion Square, was demolished to facilitate the expansion of the hospital, in 1936.^[6] A new Charter was received in 1936 altering the governance of the hospital such that it was administered by a board consisting of the Archbishop of Dublin (or a representative) as Chair of the board, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, two City Councillors and two nominees of the Minister of Health.^[7]

In 1998, Holles Street set up the Domino (Domiciliary Care In and Out of Hospital) and Home birth scheme through its team of community midwives.^[8] The National Maternity Hospital Foundation, a charity which raises funds for a number of projects in the hospital with special emphasis on the neo-natal intensive care unit, was established in 2012.^[9]

In May 2013 it was announced that the hospital would relocate to the site of St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, a hospital founded by Mother Mary Aikenhead, foundress of the order Religious Sisters of Charity, in 1834.^[10]

The new hospital was projected to cost €300 million, and be paid for by the Irish state.^[11] The decision to give the ownership of the hospital to its founders, the Sisters of Charity (an order of Roman Catholic nuns) caused controversy.^[12][13][14] The Sisters of Charity had been involved in scandals about abuse related to the Magdalene Laundries in Ireland. The Citizens' Assembly delivered a report about the Eighth Amendment and Irish abortion law, and the controversy about the Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home in Tuam, County Galway. The proposed hospital transfer raised questions about the role of the Catholic Church in Ireland.^[15][16]

In April Dr. Peter Boylan, one of Ireland's most respected obstetricians, resigned from the board over the influence of the Sisters on the new hospital.^[17] By 3 May 2017 a petition to oppose their becoming the sole owners had been signed by more than 100,000 people.^[18][19] A protest of 200 people took place outside the Department of Health on 20 April 2017,^[20][21] and a protest took place in Limerick.^[22]

The then-Master of the National Maternity Hospital, Rhona Mahony stated that the hospital would be independent and "the nuns will not be running this hospital, it will not be under Catholic ethos. It will be completely independent",^[23][24] and privately complained that "the feminists are going to unravel this fantastic hospital for women".^[25]

The Bishop of Elphin, Kevin Doran said that the Religious Sisters of Charity would have to obey the rules of the Roman Catholic church if they became owners of the National Maternity Hospital, and to follow teachings on "the value of human life and the dignity and the ultimate destiny of the human person".^[25]

On 29 May 2017, in response to weeks of pressure and public outrage, the Sisters of Charity announced that they were ending their role in St Vincent's Healthcare Group and would not be involved in the ownership or management of the new hospital; the two sisters on the board resigned.^[17]

The hospital, which is the national referral centre for complicated pregnancies, premature and sick infants, delivers over 10,000 babies per year. The number of births it handles has increased by 50 per cent since the early 1990s.^[10]

List of former Masters:^[26]