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Miami Dade County

Miami Dade County

Miami-Dade County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the southeasternmost county on the U.S. mainland. According to a 2018 census report,[7] the county had a population of 2,761,581,[8] making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States.[9] It is also Florida's third largest county in terms of land area, with 1,946 square miles (5,040 km2). The county seat is Miami, the principal city in South Florida.[10]

Miami-Dade County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.[11]

The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas.[12] The northern, central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high-rise buildings along the coastline, including South Florida's central business district, Downtown Miami. Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas, which make up the agricultural economy of the region. Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area, and is sparsely populated, a stark contrast to the densely populated, urban northern portion of the county.

The county also includes portions of two national parks. To the west it extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village. East of the mainland, in Biscayne Bay, is Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves [100] .[13]

Miami-Dade County, Florida
County
Downtown Miami Panorama from the Rusty Pelican photo D Ramey Logan.jpg
Lifeguards stand South Beach 1.jpg
032117 Palm Court photo by Ra-Haus-006(1).jpg
Miami - Wynwood Arts District - Wynwood Walls 12.jpg
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Images, from top down, left to right: Downtown Miami skyline; Lifeguard station on South Beach; Miami Design District's Palm Court; Wynwood Walls in Wynwood Art District; Ocean Drive in Miami Beach; Venetian Pool; Biscayne National Park; American Airlines Arena; Anhinga Trail boardwalk in Everglades National Park
Flag of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Flag
Official seal of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Seal
Official logo of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Nickname(s): 
"Dade County", "Dade", "Metro-Dade", "Greater Miami"
Map of Florida highlighting Miami-Dade County.svg
Miami-Dade County, Florida is located in the United States
Miami-Dade County, Florida
Miami-Dade County, Florida
Location within the United States
Coordinates:25°36′38″N 80°29′50″W [97][1]
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
RegionSouth Florida
Metro areaMiami
FoundedJanuary 18, 1836
Named forFrancis L. Dade
County seatMiami
Largest cityMiami
Incorporated municipalities34
Government
 • TypeTwo-tier federation
 • BodyMiami-Dade Board of County Commissioners
 • Miami-Dade Board of County Commissioners[2]
 • MayorCarlos A. Giménez
Area
 • Total2,431.178 sq mi (6,296.72 km2)
 • Land1,898.753 sq mi (4,917.75 km2)
 • Water532.425 sq mi (1,378.97 km2)
Highest elevation34-40 ft (22 m)
Lowest elevation0 ft (0 m)
Population
 • Total2,498,018
 • Estimate 
(2018)[5]
2,761,581
 • Density1,000/sq mi (400/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Zip code
33002, 33010-33018, 33030-33035, 33039, 33054, 33056, 33090, 33092, 33101-33102, 33106, 33109, 33111-33112, 33114, 33116, 33119, 33122, 33124-33147, 33149-33158, 33160-33170, 33172-33199, 33206, 33222, 33231, 33233-33234, 33238-33239, 33242-33243, 33245, 33247, 33255-33257, 33261, 33265-33266, 33269, 33280, 33283, 33296, 33299
Area codes305/786,
FIPS code12086
GNIS feature ID295755 [98]
GDP$132 billion[6]
Primary AirportMiami International Airport
MIA (Major/International)
Secondary AirportMiami Executive Airport-
TMB (Regional)-
Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport-
OPF (Regional)-
Miami Homestead General Aviation Airport-
X51 (Regional)
Interstates
U.S. Routes
State Routes
Rapid TransitMetrorail
Commuter RailAmtrak, Virgin Trains USA, Tri-Rail
Websitewww.miamidade.gov [99]
Miami, Florida[26]
Climate chart (explanation)
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History

Native people

The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[14] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.

The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.[15]

European explorers and settlers

Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records he reached Chequescha, a variant of Tequesta, which was Miami's first recorded name.[16] It is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the natives. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier.[17] Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was short-lived. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, to ask if they could migrate there. The Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians died.[18]

The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 19th century. People came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida Reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River. At about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians. Most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. It was the most devastating Indian war in American history, causing almost a total loss of population in Miami.

After the Second Seminole War ended in 1842, William English re-established a plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the "Village of Miami" on the south bank of the Miami River and sold several plots of land. In 1844, Miami became the county seat, and six years later a census reported there were ninety-six residents in the area.[19] The Third Seminole War was not as destructive as the second, but it slowed the settlement of southeast Florida. At the end of the war, a few of the soldiers stayed.

Establishment

Julia Tuttle (1849–1898), the founder of Miami

Julia Tuttle (1849–1898), the founder of Miami

Dade County was created on January 18, 1836, under the Territorial Act of the United States. The county was named after Major Francis L. Dade, a soldier killed in 1835 in the Second Seminole War, at what has since been named the Dade Battlefield.[20] At the time of its creation, Dade County included the land that now contains Palm Beach and Broward counties, together with the Florida Keys from Bahia Honda Key north and the land of present-day Miami-Dade County. The county seat was originally at Indian Key in the Florida Keys; then in 1844, the County seat was moved to Miami. The Florida Keys from Key Largo to Bahia Honda were returned to Monroe County in 1866. In 1888 the county seat was moved to Juno, near present-day Juno Beach, Florida, returning to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed from the northern portion of what was Dade County, and then in 1915, Palm Beach County and Dade County contributed nearly equal portions of land to create what is now Broward County. There have been no significant boundary changes to the county since 1915.[21][22][23]

Hurricanes

The third-costliest natural disaster to occur in the United States was Hurricane Andrew, which hit Miami in the early morning of Monday, August 24, 1992. It struck the southern part of the county from due east, south of Miami and very near Homestead, Kendall, and Cutler Ridge (now the Town of Cutler Bay). Damages numbered over US$25 billion in the county alone, and recovery has taken years in these areas where the destruction was greatest. This was the costliest natural disaster in US history until Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf region in 2005.

Name change

The Miami skyline

The Miami skyline

On November 13, 1997, voters changed the name of the county from Dade to Miami-Dade to acknowledge the international name recognition of Miami.[24] Voters were acting pursuant to home rule powers granted to Dade County, including the ability to change the name of the county without the consent of the Florida Legislature.[25] The change in name also addressed a source of public dissatisfaction with the name "Dade" which was chosen to honor Francis L. Dade, who had been killed in the Dade Massacre in the 1830s. The massacre did not occur in South Florida, but in the west central part of the state, in present-day Sumter County, near Bushnell. There is also a Dade City, which is closer to the site of the massacre.

Geography

Miami River in Downtown Miami

Miami River in Downtown Miami

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 2,431 square miles (6,300 km2), of which 1,898 square miles (4,920 km2) is land and 533 square miles (1,380 km2) (21.9%) is water.[27] It is the third-largest county in Florida by land area and second-largest by total area. Most of the water is in the Biscayne Bay, with another significant portion in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.

Miami-Dade County is only about 6 feet (1.8 m) above sea level. It is rather new geologically and is at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Eastern Dade is composed of Oolite limestone while western Dade is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[28] Miami-Dade is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

The bay is divided from the Atlantic Ocean by the many barrier isles along the coast, one of which is where well-known Miami Beach is located, home to South Beach and the Art Deco district. The Florida Keys, which are also barrier islands are only accessible through Miami-Dade County, but which are otherwise part of neighboring Monroe County. Miami is seventy miles from West Palm Beach, and thirty miles from Fort Lauderdale.

Communities

Miami-Dade County includes 34 incorporated areas, 38 census-designated places, and 16 unincorporated regions.

Adjacent counties

  • Broward County – north

  • Monroe County – southwest

  • Collier County – northwest

National protected areas

  • Big Cypress National Preserve

  • Biscayne National Park

  • Everglades National Park

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.
1840446
1850159−64.3%
186083−47.8%
1870852.4%
1880257202.4%
1890861235.0%
19004,955475.5%
191011,933140.8%
192042,753258.3%
1930142,955234.4%
1940267,73987.3%
1950495,08484.9%
1960935,04788.9%
19701,267,79235.6%
19801,625,78128.2%
19901,937,09419.1%
20002,253,36216.3%
20102,496,43510.8%
Est. 20182,761,581[29]10.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[30]
1790–1960[31] 1900–1990[32]
1990–2000[33] 2010–2015[8]

2010 U.S. Census

Since late 2001, Downtown Miami has seen a large construction boom in skyscrapers, retail and has experienced gentrification.

Since late 2001, Downtown Miami has seen a large construction boom in skyscrapers, retail and has experienced gentrification.

Miami's Brickell neighborhood, is amongst the fastest-growing areas of Miami-Dade County

Miami's Brickell neighborhood, is amongst the fastest-growing areas of Miami-Dade County

U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics:[34][35]

  • Hispanic or Latino of any race: 65.0% [35][36]

  • White (non-Hispanic): 15.4% (White total 73.8% when including White Hispanics)[34]

  • Black (non-Hispanic): 17.1% (6.9% (Black total 18.9% when including Black Hispanics)[37]

  • Asian: 1.5% [34][35]

  • Two or more races: 2.4%

  • American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.2%

  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.03%[34][35]

  • Other Races: 3.2% (0.6% Arab)[34]

In 2010, the largest ancestry groups were:[34]

  • 34.3% Cuban

  • 4.6% Colombian

  • 4.5% Haitian

  • 4.2% Nicaraguan

  • 3.7% Puerto Rican

  • 3.4% American

  • 2.3% Dominican

  • 2.3% German

  • 2.2% Italian

  • 2.2% Honduran

  • 2.1% Mexican

  • 1.9% Venezuelan

  • 1.8% Irish

  • 1.6% Peruvian

  • 1.5% English

  • 1.4% Jamaican

  • 1.1% Argentine

  • 1.0% Russian

In 2010, Cubans made up the largest population of immigrants (with more than half of the population) with Colombians coming in second, Haitians in third, followed by Nicaraguans in fourth place, then Dominicans, Venezuelans, Peruvians, Jamaicans, Mexicans, and Argentinians among the highest group of immigrants.[38]

There were 867,352 households out of which 30.61% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 18.79% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.49% were non-families. 23.55% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.38% (2.52% male and 5.86% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.33.[35][39]

The age distribution is 21.9% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.[39]

The median income for a household in the county was $43,605, and the median income for a family was $50,065. Males had a median income of $35,096 versus $29,980 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,957. About 13.8% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 22.1% of those aged 65 or over.[40]

In 2010, 51.1% of the county's population was foreign born, with 48.7% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 93.0% were born in Latin America, 3.2% were born in Europe, 2.7% born in Asia, 0.5% born in Africa, 0.5% in North America, and 0.1% were born in Oceania.[34]

PopulationMiami-Dade
2018 Estimate2,761,581
2010 Census2,496,435
2000 Census2,253,362
1990 Census1,937,094

2000 U.S. Census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,253,362 people, 776,774 households, and 548,402 families in the county, with an average population density of 1,158 inhabitants per square mile (447/km2). There were 852,278 housing units with an average density of 438 per square mile (169/km2). The county's racial makeup was 69.7% White (49% White Hispanic, 20.7% Non-Hispanic White),[43] 20.3% African American and Black (with a large part of Caribbean descent), 0.20% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.60% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. 57.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In relation to ancestry (excluding the various Hispanic and Latino ancestries), 5% were Haitian, 5% American, 2% Italian, 2% Jamaican, 2% German, 2% Irish, and 2% English ancestry.[44]

There were 776,774 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.35.

The age distribution is 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The county's median household income was $35,966, and the median family income was $40,260. Males had a median income of $30,120 versus $24,686 for females. The county's per capita income was $18,497. About 14.5% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.

Languages

As of 2010, 28.07% of the population spoke only English at home, while 63.77% of the population spoke Spanish, 4.22% spoke French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole), 0.64% French, and 0.55% Portuguese.[45] About 52% of the county residents were born outside the United States, while 71.93% of the population spoke a language other than English at home.[45]

Law, government, and politics

Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system of government, a "two-tier federation", since 1957. This was made possible when Florida voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people of Dade County (as it was known) to enact a home rule charter. Prior to this year, home rule did not exist in Florida, and all counties were limited to the same set of powers by the Florida Constitution and state law.

Unlike a consolidated city-county, where the city and county governments merge into a single entity, these two entities are separate. Instead there are two "tiers", or levels, of government: city and county. There are 34 municipalities in the county, the City of Miami being the largest.

Cities are the "lower tier" of local government, providing police and fire protection, zoning and code enforcement, and other typical city services within their jurisdiction. These services are paid for by city taxes. The County is the "upper tier", and it provides services of a metropolitan nature, such as emergency management, airport and seaport operations, public housing and health care services, transportation, environmental services, solid waste disposal etc. These are funded by county taxes, which are assessed on all incorporated and unincorporated areas.

Of the county's 2.6 million total residents (as of 2013), approximately 52% live in unincorporated areas, the majority of which are heavily suburbanized. These residents are part of the Unincorporated Municipal Services Area (UMSA). For these residents, the County fills the role of both lower- and upper-tier government, the County Commission acting as their lower-tier municipal representative body. Residents within UMSA pay a UMSA tax, equivalent to a city tax, which is used to provide County residents with equivalent city services (police, fire, zoning, water and sewer, etc.). Residents of incorporated areas do not pay UMSA tax.

Structure of county government

Dade County Courthouse, completed in 1926

Dade County Courthouse, completed in 1926

The Mayor of Miami-Dade County is elected countywide to serve a four-year term and is considered a "strong mayor." The mayor is not a member of the County Commission, appoints all 25 directors who oversee the operations of the County Departments and has veto power over the Commission. A mayoral appointment and veto can only be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the County Commission. The post is occupied by Carlos A. Giménez.

The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative body, consisting of 13 members elected from single-member districts. Members are elected to serve four-year terms, and elections of members are staggered. The Board chooses a Chairperson, who presides over the Commission, as well as appoints the members of its legislative committees. The Board has a wide array of powers to enact legislation, create departments, and regulate businesses operating within the County. It also has the power to override the Mayor's veto with a two-thirds vote.

Florida's Constitution provides for six elected officials to oversee executive and administrative functions for each county (called "Constitutional Officers"): Sheriff, Property Appraiser, Supervisor of Elections, Tax Collector, Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller. However, the Constitution allows voters in home-rule counties (including Miami-Dade) to abolish the offices and reorganize them as subordinate County departments; Miami-Dade voters chose this option for Sheriff, Supervisor of Elections, Controller and Tax Collector. The office of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and the judicial offices of State Attorney, and Public Defender, are still branches of State government and are, therefore, independently elected and not part of County government.

Miami-Dade is the only county in Florida that does not have an elected sheriff or a "Sheriff's Office". Instead, the county's law enforcement agency is known as the Miami-Dade Police Department, and its leader is known as the Metropolitan Sheriff and Director of the Miami-Dade Police Department. (Nonetheless, Miami-Dade Police badges bear the inscription, "Deputy Sheriff, Sheriff's Office, Dade County, Fla.".)

Politics

Overview

Miami-Dade County has voted for the Democratic Party candidate in most of the presidential elections in the past four decades, and has gone Democratic in every election since 1992. However, it did vote twice for Ronald Reagan (1980, 1984) and once for George H. W. Bush (1988). From 1904 to 1972 it supported the Democratic candidate in all but four elections. In 2008 and 2012 approximately 59.69% of the electorate voted for Democrat Barack Obama. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton won 63.22% of the vote.

**Miami-Dade County vote by party in presidential elections**[[CITE|46|http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/]]
YearGOPDEMOthers
201633.83% 333,99963.22% 624,1462.94% 29,046
201237.87% 332,98161.58% 541,4400.54% 4,758
200841.70% 360,55157.81% 499,8310.49% 4,254
200446.61% 361,09552.89% 409,7320.50% 3,899
200046.29% 289,57452.57% 328,8671.14% 7,111
199637.87% 209,74057.34% 317,5554.79% 26,487
199243.19% 235,31346.73% 254,60910.08% 54,921
198855.26% 270,93744.26% 216,9700.48% 2,358
198459.17% 324,41440.83% 223,8630.01% 35
198050.65% 265,88840.17% 210,8689.17% 48,149
197640.45% 211,14858.06% 303,0471.48% 7,747
197258.87% 256,52940.78% 177,6930.35% 1,541
196837.02% 135,22248.37% 176,68914.62% 53,391
196435.99% 117,48064.01% 208,941
196042.35% 134,50657.65% 183,114
195655.37% 130,93844.63% 105,559
195256.77% 122,17443.23% 93,022
194837.04% 41,30153.52% 59,6819.44% 10,530
194433.56% 30,35766.44% 60,100
194032.70% 25,22467.30% 51,921
193626.88% 10,29573.12% 28,007
193234.16% 9,24465.84% 17,820
192860.15% 15,86038.44% 10,1361.41% 372
192426.01% 2,75332.83% 3,47441.16% 4,356[47]
192038.09% 3,07753.08% 4,2888.83% 713
191621.94% 62957.69% 1,65420.37% 584
19125.56% 9965.71% 1,17128.73% 512
190817.34% 27560.59% 96122.07% 350
190424.08% 30769.57% 8876.35% 81

Voter registration

Population and registered voters as of 7/2/2019[48]
Total population[5]2,761,581
  Registered voters[49]1,441,18752.18%
    Democratic600,25841.65%
    Republican378,19626.24%
    Democratic–Republican spread+222,062+22.69%
    Independence7,2140.50%
    Libertarian1,8170.12%
    Green6330.04%
    Reform1520.06%
    Constitution900.00%
    Other1350.00%
    No party preference452,69231.41%

Economy

Headquarters of Burger King

Headquarters of Burger King

Headquarters of Norwegian Cruise Line

Headquarters of Norwegian Cruise Line

Brightstar Corporation,[50] Burger King,[51] Intradeco Holdings,[52] Latin Flavors,[53] Norwegian Cruise Line,[54] and Ryder have their headquarters in unincorporated areas in the county.[55] Centurion Air Cargo, Florida West International Airways, IBC Airways, and World Atlantic Airlines have their headquarters on the grounds of Miami International Airport in an unincorporated area in the county.[56][57][58][59][60]

Hewlett Packard's main Latin America offices are on the ninth floor of the Waterford Building in unincorporated Miami-Dade County.[61]

Other companies with offices in an unincorporated area not in any CDP:

  • AstraZeneca's Latin American headquarters[62]

  • Gate Group's Latin American headquarters[63]

  • Unicomer Group's United States offices[64]

  • TAME's United States offices[65]

  • Goya Foods's Miami office[66]

Several defunct airlines, including Airlift International, Arrow Air, National Airlines, and Rich International Airways, were headquartered on or near the airport property.[67][68][69][70]

After Frank Borman became president of Eastern Airlines in 1975, he moved Eastern's headquarters from Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan, New York City to an unincorporated area in Miami-Dade County[71][72] Around 1991 the Miami-Dade County lost a few corporations, including Eastern Airlines, which folded in 1991.[73]

At one time the cruise line ResidenSea had its headquarters in an unincorporated area in the county.[74]

Top private employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, the top private employers in 2014 in Miami-Dade were:[75]

Employer

of employees

1University of Miami12,818
2Baptist Health South Florida11,353
3American Airlines11,031
4Carnival Cruise Lines3,500
5Miami Children's Hospital3,500
6Mount Sinai Medical Center3,321
7Florida Power and Light Co.3,011
8Royal Caribbean International2,989
9Wells Fargo2,050
10Bank of America2,000

Top government employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, the top government employers in 2014 in the county were:[75]

Employer

of employees

1Miami-Dade County Public Schools33,477
2Miami-Dade County25,502
3Federal Government19,200
4Florida State Government17,100
5Jackson Health System9,800

Public services

Fire Rescue

The Miami-Dade County Fire Rescue Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The department serves 29 municipalities and all unincorporated areas of Miami-Dade County from 60 fire stations.[76] The Department also provides fire protection services for Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport and Opa-locka Airport.[77]

The communities served are Aventura, Bal Harbour, Bay Harbor Islands, Biscayne Park, Cutler Bay, Doral, El Portal, Florida City, Golden Beach, Hialeah Gardens, Homestead, Indian Creek, Medley, Miami Gardens, Miami Lakes, Miami Shores, Miami Springs, North Bay Village, North Miami, North Miami Beach, Opa-locka, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, South Miami, Surfside, Sweetwater, Sunny Isles Beach, Virginia Gardens, and West Miami.[78]

Miami-Dade Fire Rescue is also the home to Urban Search and Rescue Florida Task Force 1 as well as EMS operations consisting of 57 Advanced Life Support units staffed by 760 state-certified paramedics and 640 state-certified emergency medical technicians.

Police Department

A Miami-Dade police car

A Miami-Dade police car

The Miami-Dade Police Department is a full-service metropolitan police department serving Miami-Dade County's unincorporated areas, although it has lenient mutual aid agreements with other municipalities, most often the City of Miami Police Department. With 4,700 employees, it is Florida's largest police department. The Department is often referred to by its former name, the Metro-Dade Police or simply Metro.

The Miami-Dade Police Department operates out of nine districts throughout the county and has two special bureaus. The director of the department is Juan Perez, who succeeded J.D. Patterson, Jr.[79] The Department's headquarters are in Doral, Florida.

Water and Sewer Department

Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (MDWASD) is one of the largest public utilities in the United States, employing approximately 2,700 employees as of 2007. It provides service to over 2.4 million customers, operating with an annual budget of almost $400 million. Approximately 330 million gallons of water are drawn everyday from the Biscayne Aquifer for consumer use. MDWASD has over 7,100 miles (11,400 km) of water lines, a service area of 396 square miles (1,026 km2) and 14 pump stations. MDWASD has over 3,600 miles (5,800 km) of sewage pipes, a service area of 341 square miles (883 km2) and 954 pump stations.[80]

Corrections department

Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department is the correction agency.

Aviation department

The Miami-Dade Aviation Department(MDAD) operates Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport, Opa-locka Executive Airport, Homestead General Aviation Airport, and Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport.[81]

County representation

The Florida Department of Juvenile Justice operates the Miami-Dade Regional Juvenile Detention Center in an unincorporated area in the county.[82]

Education

In Florida, each county is also a school district. Miami-Dade County Public Schools, is operated by an independently elected School Board. A professional Superintendent of Schools appointed by the School Board manages the district's day-to-day operations. As of 2014, the Miami-Dade County Public School District is the fourth-largest public school district in the nation with almost 360,000 students.[83]

The Miami-Dade Public Library is one of the country's largest public library systems. It has 50 branch locations and others under construction.[84]

Colleges and universities

Miami-Dade County is home to many private and public universities and colleges.

  • University of Miami (private)

  • Florida International University (public)

  • Miami Dade College (public)

  • Barry University (private/Catholic)

  • Nova Southeastern University (private)

  • Florida National University (private)

  • Florida Memorial University (private/historically black)

  • St. Thomas University (private/Catholic)

  • Johnson and Wales University (private)

  • Carlos Albizu University (private)

  • Miami International University of Art & Design (private)

  • Talmudic University (private/Jewish)

  • Miami Ad School (private)

Sites of interest

Museums

Perez Art Museum in Downtown Miami

Perez Art Museum in Downtown Miami

  • Bass Museum of Art, Miami Beach

  • Coral Castle, Homestead Miami

  • Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables

  • Frost Art Museum, (Florida International University, Miami)

  • Gold Coast Railroad Museum, Miami

  • HistoryMiami, Downtown Miami

  • Holocaust Memorial, Miami Beach

  • Jewish Museum of Florida, Miami Beach

  • Lowe Art Museum, (University of Miami, Coral Gables)

  • Miami Children's Museum, Miami

  • Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami

  • Pérez Art Museum Miami, Miami

  • Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science, Miami

  • Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Miami

  • Wings Over Miami Museum, Miami

  • Wolfsonian, (Florida International University, Miami Beach)

Culture and wildlife

Villa Vizcaya, a popular tourist attraction

Villa Vizcaya, a popular tourist attraction

Miami Seaquarium

Miami Seaquarium

  • Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Downtown Miami

  • Ancient Spanish Monastery, North Miami Beach

  • Bayfront Park Amphitheatre, Downtown Miami

  • Bayside Marketplace, Downtown Miami

  • Florida Grand Opera, Miami

  • Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Downtown Miami

  • Jungle Island, Miami

  • Miami Seaquarium, Miami

  • Monkey Jungle, Miami

  • Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Miami

  • Wertheim Performing Arts Center, (Florida International University, Miami)

  • Zoo Miami, Miami

Other areas and attractions

South Beach

South Beach

  • South Beach
  • Ocean Drive
  • Calle Ocho
  • Lincoln Road
  • Downtown Miami
  • Bal Harbour Shops
  • Dolphin Mall
  • Aventura Mall
  • Biltmore Hotel
  • Freedom Tower
  • Miami Art Deco District
  • Miami Design District
  • Bayside Marketplace
  • Little Havana
  • Star Island
  • Brickell
  • City of Miami Cemetery
  • Española Way
  • Mary Brickell Village
  • Wynwood Art District

Parks

  • Tropical Park
  • Bayfront Park
  • Museum Park
  • Crandon Park
  • Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
  • Oleta River State Park
  • Everglades National Park
  • Biscayne National Park

Sports venues

Hard Rock Stadium, home of the Miami Dolphins of the NFL and plays host to the Miami Hurricanes

Hard Rock Stadium, home of the Miami Dolphins of the NFL and plays host to the Miami Hurricanes

American Airlines Arena, home of the Miami Heat

American Airlines Arena, home of the Miami Heat

Marlins Park, home of the Miami Marlins

Marlins Park, home of the Miami Marlins

Miami-Dade County holds the majority of sports arenas, stadiums and complexes in South Florida. Some of these sports facilities are:

  • Hard Rock Stadium – Miami Dolphins (football) and plays host to the Miami Hurricanes football team during their regular season.

  • Marlins Park – Miami Marlins (baseball)

  • American Airlines Arena – Miami Heat (basketball)

  • Tennis Center at Crandon Park – Sony Ericcson Open

  • FIU Stadium – FIU Panthers (football)

  • FIU Arena – FIU Panthers (basketball)

  • FIU Baseball Stadium – FIU Panthers (baseball)

  • BankUnited Center – Miami Hurricanes (basketball)

  • Tropical Park Stadium

  • Homestead-Miami Speedway

  • Calder Race Course

  • Hialeah Park Race Track

  • Alex Rodriguez Park at Mark Light Field – Miami Hurricanes (baseball)

Former venues include:

  • Bobby Maduro Miami Stadium

  • Miami Arena

  • Miami Orange Bowl

  • Miami Marine Stadium

Planned:

  • Miami MLS stadium

Transportation

Airports

Miami International Airport

Miami International Airport

Miami International Airport, in an unincorporated area in the county, is the Miami area's primary international airport. One of the busiest international airports in the world, it serves over 35 million passengers a year. Identifiable locally, as well as several worldwide authorities, as MIA or KMIA, the airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines, the world's largest passenger air carrier. Miami International is the United States’ third largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers (behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport), and is the seventh largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

  • Homestead General Aviation Airport

  • Miami Executive Airport

  • Opa-Locka Executive

  • Homestead Air Reserve Base, east of Homestead in an unincorporated area, serves military traffic.

  • Miami Seaplane Base

  • Dade-Collier

Public transit

Government Center, one of the main metro stations in Miami

Government Center, one of the main metro stations in Miami

Public transit in Miami-Dade County is operated by Miami-Dade Transportation and Public Works [101] , and is the largest public transit in Florida. Miami-Dade Transportation and Public Works operates a heavy rail metro system Metrorail, an elevated people mover in Downtown Miami, Metromover and the bus system, Metrobus.[85]

Tri-Rail also services the county.

Major expressways

Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Miami and Miami Beach

Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Miami and Miami Beach

Flagler Street in Downtown Miami

Flagler Street in Downtown Miami

Downtown Distributor

Downtown Distributor

In Florida a Tolled State Road is often (but not always) denoted by having the word "TOLL" printed on the top of the State Road shield.

When a driver passes through a toll plaza without paying the proper toll a digital image of the car's license tag is recorded. Under Florida Law, this image can be used by the Authority to issue a toll violation.[86]

Miami-Dade County has 10 major expressways and 1 minor expressway in Downtown Miami.

  • I-75

  • I-95

  • I-195 / SR 112

  • I-395 / SR 836

  • US 1

  • US 27

  • US 41

  • US 441

  • SR A1A

  • Florida's Turnpike

  • Florida's Turnpike Extension

  • SR 826

  • SR 874

  • SR 878

  • SR 924

County roads

This is a list of Miami-Dade county roads. Miami-Dade County has fewer county roads than any other county in Florida, despite its large population. None are signed.

Road Name(s)Direction and TerminiNotes
CR 854Ives Dairy RoadSR 817US 1former SR 854 (east of US 441)[87]
CR 913Crandon Boulevard, Rickenbacker Causewayextension of SR 913
CR 948Lindgren Roadextension of SR 825
CR 959Southwest 57th Avenueextension of SR 959
CR 973Galloway Roadextension of SR 973
CR 992Coral Reef Driveextension of SR 992
CR 9823Northwest 67th Avenue
Northwest 68th Avenue
N/SSR 826Palm Springs NorthBroward County linePalm Springs North

Sources:

  • FDOT Map of Miami-Dade County, Florida [102]

  • FDOT GIS data [103] , accessed January 2014

Street grid

A street grid stretches from downtown Miami throughout the county. This grid was adopted by the City of Miami following World War I after the United States Post Office threatened to cease mail deliveries in the city because the original system of named streets, with names often changing every few blocks and multiple streets in the city sharing the same name, was too confusing for the mail carriers.[88] The new grid was later extended throughout the county as the population grew west, south, and north of city limits.

The grid is laid out with Miami Avenue as the meridian going north–south and Flagler Street the baseline going east-west. The grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler and west of Miami Avenue have NW in their address (e.g. NW 27th Avenue). Because its point of origin is in downtown Miami which is close to the coast, the NW and SW quadrants are much larger than the SE and NE quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named, although, with a few notable exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.

Although this grid is easy to understand once one is oriented to it, it is not universal in the entire county. Hialeah uses its own grid system which is entirely different in its orientation. Coral Gables and Miami Lakes use named streets almost exclusively, and various smaller municipalities such as Florida City and Homestead use their own grid system along with the Miami-Dade grid system adding to the confusion. In the beach cities and parks of Miami Beach, Surfside, Bal Harbour, Sunny Isles, and Golden Beach, the streets are coordinated with the main grid; however, their avenues are named.

Communities

Notable people

Sister cities

Miami-Dade County has 23 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

  • Veracruz, Mexico
  • Iquique, Chile
  • Kingston, Jamaica
  • Petit-Goâve, Haiti
  • The Bahamas
  • Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  • Lamentin, Guadeloupe
  • Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain[89]
  • Stockholm County, Sweden
  • New Taipei, Taiwan
  • Pereira, Colombia
  • Turks and Caicos Islands
  • San José, Costa Rica

See also

  • Gentrification of Miami

  • List of tallest buildings in Miami

  • List of tallest buildings in Sunny Isles Beach

  • List of tallest buildings in Miami Beach

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami-Dade County, Florida

  • List of counties in Florida

  • West End (Florida)

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