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Jōdō

Jōdō

Jōdō (杖道:じょうどう), meaning "the way of the ", or jōjutsu (杖術:じょうじゅつ) is a Japanese martial art using a short staff called . The art is similar to bōjutsu, and is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword. The is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long.

Jojutsu
Also known asArt of The Jo Staff, or Way of The Jo Staff
FocusWeaponry
Country of originJapanJapan
CreatorMusō Gonnosuke
Olympic sportno

Legendary origins of Jōjutsu

Shintō Musō-ryū jōjutsu (sometimes known as Shinto Muso-ryu jōdo - "Shindo" is also a valid pronunciation for the leading character), is reputed to have been invented by the great swordsman Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi (夢想 權之助 勝吉, fl. c.1605, date of death unknown) about 400 years ago, after a bout won by the famous Miyamoto Musashi (宮本 武蔵, 1584–1645). According to this tradition, Gonnosuke challenged Musashi using a , or long staff, a weapon he was said to wield with great skill. Although other accounts of this first duel disagree, according to the oral tradition of Shintō Musō-ryū, Musashi caught Gonnosuke's in a two sword "X" block (jūji-dome). Once in this position, Gonnosuke could not move in such a way as to prevent Musashi from delivering a counterattack, and Musashi elected to spare his life.

Gonnosuke's wanderings then brought him to Mt Homan in Chikuzen (modern-day Fukuoka) where, after a period of purification, meditation, and training, Gonnosuke claimed to have received a divine vision from a small child who told him: "holding a round stick, know the solar plexus" ("maruki wo motte, suigetsu wo shire"「丸木を以って、水月を知れ」). By shortening the length of the from roughly 185 cm to 128 cm (or, in Japanese measurement units, four shaku, two sun and one bu), he could increase the versatility of the weapon, giving him the ability to use techniques created for the long staff, spear fighting and swordsmanship. The length of the new weapon was longer than the tachi (long sword) of the period, but short enough to allow the reversal of the striking end of the in much tighter quarters than the longer . Gonnosuke could alter the techniques he used with the stick, depending on the opponent he faced, to provide himself with many different options of attack. He named his style Shintō Musō-ryū and challenged Musashi again. This time, when Musashi attempted to use the jūji-dome block on the staff, Gonnosuke was able to wheel around the other end of the staff (because of the reduced length), forcing Musashi into a position where he had to concede defeat. Returning the courtesy he received during their previous duel, Gonnosuke spared Musashi's life.[1]

This may be an embellished story of the creation of jōjutsu, as the oral tradition of Shintō Musō-ryū is the only mention of this second duel, or for that matter, a person defeating Musashi in combat. Witness accounts of Musashi's life, as well as his own writings, insist he retired from dueling undefeated. Furthermore, while this legend is the most well-known tale to include the use of the jō, Gonnosuke cannot be credited as the sole creator of the jō as a number of other schools from the same period and with no links to SMR also include jōjutsu in their curriculum (Suiō-ryū, Tendō-ryū, Hōten-ryū, Takenouchi-ryū). What is known about Gonnosuke after his alleged second duel is that he eventually became the martial arts instructor for the Kuroda clan of northern Kyūshū, where jōjutsu remained an exclusive art of the clan until the early 1900s, when the art form was taught to the general public.

Modern practice

The modern study of jōdō (way of the ), has two branches.

One is koryū, or "old school" jōdō. This branch is further subdivided into a number of different schools which include jōdō or jōjutsu in their curriculum, (Shintō Musō-ryū, Suiō-ryū, Tendō-ryū, Hōten-ryū, Kukishin-ryū, Takenouchi-ryū, etc.). These schools also teach the use of other weapons such as the sword, the naginata, the short staff (tanjō), the chained sickle (kusarigama), the truncheon (jutte), and (jūjutsu)-close combat for defeating an opponent in which one uses either a short weapon or none. Most practitioners specialise in only one school.

The other branch is called Seitei Jōdō and is practiced by the All Japan Kendo Federation (全日本剣道連盟 Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei). Seitei Jōdō starts with 12 pre-arranged forms (kata), which are drawn from Shintō Musō-ryū. In addition to these 12 kata the student will also study their koryū.

Jōjutsu has also been adapted for use in the Japanese police force, who refer to the art as keijō-jutsu (警杖術), or police stick art.

Aiki-jō is the name given to the set of martial art techniques practiced with a jō, practiced according to the principles of aikido, taught first by Morihei Ueshiba then further developed by Morihiro Saito, one of Ueshiba's most prominent students.

The art of the late Don Angier, Yoshida ha Shidare Yanagi ryu, contains a jōjutsu curriculum with two long kata, a paired short kata, and numerous waza (dealing primarily with: jo vs. sword, jo vs. jo, and empty-hand vs. jo).

List of martial arts that include Jodo/Jojutsu

  • Aikido

  • Yoshida ha Shidare Yanagi ryu

  • Hapkido includes similar short staff and cane techniques.

  • Hoten-ryu - jojutsu

  • Kukishin-ryu

  • Shinto Muso-ryu

  • Suiō-ryū - Koryū whose curriculum includes jojutsu

  • Takenouchi-ryu

  • Takeda Ryu Nakamura Ha

  • Tendo-ryu bujutsu

  • Tendo-ryu Aikido

  • Toda-ha Buko-ryu

  • Yanagi-ryu Tuite

  • Muhi Muteki ryu jojutsu

See also

  • Banshay

  • Bataireacht

  • Krabi–krabong

  • Kalarippayattu stick-fighting

  • Kendo

  • Krabi–krabong

  • Pugil stick

  • Silambam

  • Silambam Asia

  • Stick fighting

  • Tahtib

  • World Silambam Association

References

[1]
Citation Linkejmas.comA Brief History of ZNKR Jodo Journal of Non-Lethal Combatives, September, 2000
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[2]
Citation Linkfr.scribd.comShindô Musô Ryû Jôjutsu Zukai / 神 道 夢 想 流 杖 術 図 解
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[3]
Citation Linkwww.fej.chEuropean Jodo Federation
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[4]
Citation Linkwww.jodokaiaustralia.comJodo Kai Australia Site
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[5]
Citation Linkwww.jojutsu.comKobudokai Australia
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[6]
Citation Linkwww.shindomusoryu.comShindo Muso Ryu Jodo Website
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[7]
Citation Linkwww.fighttimes.comMuso Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[8]
Citation Linkwww.fighttimes.comJojutsu
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[9]
Citation Linkejmas.comA Brief History of ZNKR Jodo
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[10]
Citation Linkfr.scribd.comShindô Musô Ryû Jôjutsu Zukai / 神 道 夢 想 流 杖 術 図 解
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[11]
Citation Linkwww.fej.chEuropean Jodo Federation
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[12]
Citation Linkwww.jodokaiaustralia.comJodo Kai Australia Site
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[13]
Citation Linkwww.jojutsu.comKobudokai Australia
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[14]
Citation Linkwww.shindomusoryu.comShindo Muso Ryu Jodo Website
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[15]
Citation Linkwww.fighttimes.comMuso Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[16]
Citation Linkwww.fighttimes.comJojutsu
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM
[17]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Sep 26, 2019, 7:33 PM