Irving is a principal city in Dallas County in the U.S. state of Texas and it is also an inner ring suburb of the city of Dallas. According to a 2017 estimate from the United States Census Bureau, the city population was 240,373^[9] making it the thirteenth-most populous city in Texas and 93rd most populous city in the U.S. The city of Irving is part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

Irving includes the Las Colinas community, one of the first master-planned developments in the United States and once the largest mixed-use development in the Southwest with a land area of more than 12,000 acres (4,856 ha). Las Colinas is home to the Mustangs at Las Colinas, which is the largest equine sculpture in the world, as well as many Fortune 500 companies, such as ExxonMobil, Kimberly-Clark and Fluor Corporation. In April 2019, the Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel opened, signalling the completion of the city's special entertainment district that includes the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas and the Toyota Music Factory.^[10]

Part of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport lies inside the city limits of Irving.

Irving was founded in 1903 by J.O. "Otto" Schulze and Otis Brown. It is believed literary author Washington Irving was a favorite of Netta Barcus Brown, and consequently the name of the town site, Irving, was chosen. Irving began in 1889 as an area called Gorbit, and in 1894 the name changed to Kit.^[11] Irving was incorporated April 14, 1914, with Otis Brown as the first mayor.

By the late nineteenth century the Irving area was the site of churches, two cotton gins, a blacksmith shop and a general store. The Irving district public school system dates to the 1909 establishment of Kit and Lively schools. Population growth was slow and sometimes halting, with only 357 residents in 1925, but a significant increase began in the 1930s.

By the early 1960s the city had a population of approximately 45,000. A number of manufacturing plants operated in Irving, along with transportation, retail and financial businesses. The University of Dallas in Irving opened in 1956, and Texas Stadium was completed in 1971 as the home field of the Dallas Cowboys.

Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashed in Irving on August 2, 1985.^[12]

Irving's population reached 155,037 in 1990 and the United States Census Bureau estimated 236,607 residents in 2016, a 3.5 percent population increase over 2013 census estimates.^[9]

In 2000, an Oshman's Sporting Goods store was robbed by the "Texas Seven".^[13] In 2011, the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas opened. Four years later high-school student Ahmed Mohamed was the subject of a hoax bomb incident which ignited allegations of racial profiling and Islamophobia from many media and commentators.

In 2019, Irving completed its construction of an entertainment district in Las Colinas with the opening of the Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel. ^[10] The entertainment district also includes the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas^[14] and the Toyota Music Factory, an entertainment complex with numerous restaurants, an Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, the Texas Lottery Plaza open-air performance stage and the Pavilion at the Toyota Music Factory concert venue. ^[15]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 67.7 square miles (175 km2), of which 67.2 square miles (174 km2) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) of it (0.65%) is water.

The warmest month on average is July, and the highest recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) in 1980. The average coolest month is January, and the lowest recorded temperature was −8 °F (−22 °C) in 1899.^[16] Irving is considered to be part of the humid subtropical region.

May is the average wettest month.

As of the census^[7] of 2000, there were 191,615 people, 76,241 households, and 46,202 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,850.2 people per square mile (1,100.4/km²). There were 80,293 housing units at an average density of 1,194.3 per square mile (461.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64.2% White, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.2% of the population, 10.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 8.24% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 13.4% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Non-Hispanic whites were 48.2% of the population,^[20] down from 88.9% in 1980.^[21]

There were 76,241 households out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 39.4% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,956, and the median income for a family was $50,172. Males had a median income of $35,852 versus $30,420 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,419. About 8.0% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

As of the census^[7] of 2010,^[22] there were 216,290 people, 82,538 households, and 51,594 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,218.6 people per square mile (1,242.1/km²). There were 91,128 housing units at an average density of 1,356 per square mile (523.3/km²).^[23] The racial makeup of the city was 53.1% White (30.8% Non-Hispanic white), 12.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 14.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.2% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races.^[23] Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.1% of the population.^[20]

There were 82,538 households out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families.^[23] 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.31.^[23]

In the city, 29% of the population was under the age of 19, 8% was between ages 20 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% were 65 years of age or older.^[23] The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The 2012^[24] median income for a household in the city was $49,303, and the median income for a family was $54,755. Males had an estimated median income of $40,986 versus $36,518 for females.^[25] The per capita income for the city was $26,970.^[24] About 13.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.^[24]

As of 2007, about 33% of Irving's population was not born in the United States.^[26]

In 2010, 41% of the city's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. The largest group is those of Mexican origin, while those of Salvadoran heritage form the second largest group; in 2009 they formed 11.8% of those born outside of the United States. The Hispanic and Latino residents have moved into eastern Irving, which contains older neighborhoods than other areas of Irving.^[27]

The largest Asian ethnic group in Irving is the Asian Indians.^[27] As of 2009 the Indians have mainly settled in proximity to high technology companies,^[28] into an area in western Irving along Texas State Highway 114,^[29] To absorb the Indian population, dense condominium and rental properties have opened in western Irving.^[28]

According to the city's 2017–18 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[30] the city's top employers are:

Several large businesses have headquarters in Irving, including Caliber Home Loans, Chuck E. Cheese's,^[31] Cicis,^[32] Commercial Metals,^[33] Envoy Air (formerly American Eagle),^[34] ExxonMobil,^[35] Gruma,^[36] H.D. Vest,^[37] Kimberly-Clark,^[38] La Quinta Inns and Suites,^[39] Michaels Stores,^[40] 7-Eleven,^[41]Southern Star Concrete, Inc.,^[42] Stellar,^[43] a global contact center provider, Zale Corporation,^[44] Fluor Corporation,^[45] NCH Corporation,^[46] ITW Polymers Sealants North America,^[47] Celanese Corporation, a leading producer of specialty chemicals,^[48] and LXI Enterprise Storage.^[49]

The city is also home to the national headquarters of the Boy Scouts of America.^[50]

The headquarters of Nokia America^[51] and NEC Corporation of America^[52] are in Irving. The American headquarters of BlackBerry was in Irving.^[53]

Perhaps as a result of the Nokia-Irving connection, Irving is twinned with Nokia's headquarters city, Espoo in Finland.

Irving is also the Headquarters of OSG USA INC., which is the North American Subsidiary of OSG Corporation in Japan. OSG is a leading provider of high end cutting tools used in industries such as automotive and aerospace.

Irving was the home of Texas Stadium, the former home stadium of the Dallas Cowboys. The stadium was demolished on April 11, 2010. Irving Independent School District (IISD) high schools play football and other sports at Irving Schools Stadium.

Irving serves as the headquarters city for two college athletics conferences: the Big 12 Conference^[54] and Conference USA.^[55]

Prior to the November 2008 elections, Irving banned the sale of alcoholic beverages in stores, making it the largest in population dry suburb in North Texas. In 2004 the pro-alcohol measure failed with 63% of voters opposing the measure. In 2006, 52% voted against the measure. On the third attempt, with heavy monetary backing by retailers, voters narrowly voted in favor of the measure in 2008.^[56] People in favor of changing Irving's liquor laws saw the interest in the 2008 United States Presidential Election as a catalyst for changing the laws in their favor.^[57]

In 2009 Irving had a city council that was entirely at-large. While Irving has a large population of racial minorities, the entire city council and the mayor's office, was entirely non-Hispanic White. Manny Benavidez, a resident of Irving, filed a lawsuit against the city in federal court in November 2007, saying that the voting system was not in compliance with the 1965 Voting Rights Act. On July 15, 2009, a federal judge ruled that Irving is required to create a new electoral system so that racial minority representatives may be voted into office.^[58] In 2010 elections, which included one at-large seat and two district-seats, three new council members were elected, replacing two incumbents and adding a newly created seat. Among the three new council members were two minority council members.^[59][60]

The city of Irving is a voluntary member of the North Central Texas Council of Governments association, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions.

The Parkland Health & Hospital System (Dallas County Hospital District) operates the Irving Health Center.^[68]

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Irving. The Irving Main Post Office is at 2701 West Irving Boulevard.^[69] Other post offices in the city include Central Irving, Las Colinas, and Valley Ranch.^[70]

The Irving Independent School District (IISD) serves most of Irving. Other areas are served by the Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District (CFBISD), and Coppell Independent School District (CISD).^[71]

The major high schools that serve Irving are:

In 2014, 3,821 of CFBISD's 26,239 students resided in Irving.^[72]

Uplift Education, a charter school operator, has its administrative offices in Irving.^[73] Uplift has two charter school campuses in Irving: Infinity Preparatory^[74] (K-5, 6–8, and 9–10, with a plan to build out to K-12) and North Hills Preparatory (K-12).^[75]

Winfree Academy Charter School^[76] and Manara Academy Elementary^[77] are in Irving.

Irving is home to Cistercian Preparatory School,^[78] a university-preparatory school for boys, grades 5 through 12. Irving is also home to The Highlands School, a university-preparatory school for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade.^[79]

Two Catholic pre-k through 8th grade schools, St. Luke^[80] and Holy Family of Nazareth School,^[81] are in Irving. Irving also is home to the Islamic School of Irving^[82] (pre-k to 12). The Sloan School^[83] (pre-k to 5) and StoneGate Christian Academy^[84] (K4 to 12) are Christian private schools in Irving.

The city is the site of the University of Dallas^[85] and North Lake College,^[86] a campus of the Dallas County Community College District. In addition, DeVry University^[87] has a campus in Irving.

Several highways transverse Irving. The Airport Freeway, SH 183, runs east-west in the city center, while LBJ Freeway or I-635 crosses the city's northern edge in the same direction. John Carpenter Freeway, SH 114, and the President George Bush Turnpike create an X running northwest-to-southeast and southwest-to-northeast respectively. The Las Colinas area is centered near the intersection of 114 and the Bush turnpike.

Irving is one of 13 member-cities of the Dallas region's transit agency, Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART). Currently, Irving is served by numerous bus routes and has two stops along the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail route.^[88] In addition, DART's Orange Line through runs through Irving and Las Colinas to DFW Airport.^[89] This connects northern Irving with Dallas through rail in addition to bus routes.

In 2015, 4.5 percent of Irving households lacked a car, which increased to 4.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Irving averaged 1.75 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.^[90]

The Las Colinas Urban Center is served by the Las Colinas APT System,^[91] a people-mover that connects businesses and entertainment areas.

The Irving Arts Center, owned by the city, is a home for the arts, housing 10 resident arts organizations. Resident Organizations provide cultural programs for the community, and opportunities to participate in the creative process. Community members can play a role in front of the curtain as musicians, actors, and artists, or behind the scenes as planners, technicians, directors and more. The Irving Arts Center is a Smithsonian Affiliate. ^[92]

The city owns and operates three historical museums: The Jackie Townsell Bear Creek Heritage Center, The Ruth Paine House Museum, and The Mustangs of Las Colinas Museum. ^[93] A fourth historical museum, the Irving Archives and Museum, is planned to open in late 2019. ^[94]

Irving has a sister city relationship with six cities:^[112]