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Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud

Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud

Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (c. 1108 – September 13, 1152) was the Seljuq Sultan of Iraq and western Persia in 1133–1152.

He was the son of sultan Mehmed I of Great Seljuq. At the age of twelve (1120–1121), he rebelled unsuccessfully against his elder brother, Mahmud II, who however forgave him. At Mahmud's death in 1131, the power was contended between Mahmud's son, Dawud, Mas'ud, whose powerbase was in Iraq, Seljuq-Shah (in Fars and Khuzistan) and Toghrul II. In 1133 Mas'ud was able to obtain recognition as sultan from the emirs of Baghdad, and to receive the investiture by caliph al-Mustarshid. Toghrul, who controlling the eastern provinces of the western Seljuq, launched a military campaign but was defeated by Mas'ud in May 1133. Toghrul died in 1134. Also in 1133 Mas'ud supported Zengi, besieged by al-Mustarshid's troops in Mosul.

In 1135 caliph al-Mustarshid contested his authority but, on 14 June of that year, he was defeated and made prisoner at Daimarg, between Hamadan and Baghdad, and killed two months later by the Hashshashins. As al-Mustarshid's successor, al-Rashid, also rebelled with the support of Zengi, Mas'ud besieged him in Baghdad, forcing him to flee to Mosul, where he was also killed by the Hashshashins. Although able to ensure control over Iraq, Mas'ud's power over the rest of the Suljuq empire was uncertain: apart from Khorasan and Transoxiana, which had been long time under the control of his uncle Ahmed Sanjar, Dawud kept control over Azerbaijan for several years, while weastern Persia was effectively ruled by emir Bozaba until Mas'ud defeated him, together with other emirs, in 1147. In 1148 Mas'ud faced another coalition against him, this time aiming to place Malik Shah on the throne in his place.

During his troublesome reign, Mas'ud was forced to accept to delegate his authority to numerous emirs with the Iqta', a tax institution which reduced the imperial incomes. Other became effectively independent sultans, such as Zengi. This caused, according to historian ibn al-Athir, the beginning of the steep decline of the Seljuq Empire.

Mas'ud died at Hamadan in 1152. He was briefly succeeded by Malik Shah, who had been forgiven by Mas'ud, and also given one the sultan's daughters as spouse.

Masud
Sultan of the Seljuq Empire
Reign1134–1152
PredecessorToghrul II
SuccessorMalik-Shah III
Bornc.1108
DiedSeptember 13, 1152
SpouseRusudan, daughter of Demetrius I of Georgia
Full name
Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
HouseHouse of Seljuq
FatherMehmed I
ReligionSunni Islam
Full name
Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud

References

[1]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comThe Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112
Sep 26, 2019, 10:02 AM
[2]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comThe Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112
Sep 26, 2019, 10:02 AM
[3]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Sep 26, 2019, 10:02 AM