Fairfax ( /ˈfɛər.fæks/

FAIR-faks), colloquially Central Fairfax, Downtown Fairfax, Fairfax City, or the City of Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of

Virginia. ^[8] As

of the 2010 census the population was 22,565, ^[38] which had risen to an estimated 24,013 as of 2015. ^[104]

The city of Fairfax is an enclave within the separate political entity Fairfax County.

The city of Fairfax and the area immediately surrounding the historical border of the city of Fairfax, collectively designated by Fairfax County as "Fairfax", comprise the county seat of Fairfax County.

The city is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as a part of Northern Virginia.

The city is 17 miles (27 km) west of Washington,

D.C. The Washington Metro's Orange Line serves Fairfax through its Vienna station, which is a mile northwest of the city limits. CUE

Bus and Metrobus operate

in Fairfax. Virginia Railway

Express's Burke Centre station is situated three miles southeast of the city's boundaries. Virginia's largest

public educational institution with 33,917 students in 2013 is George Mason University, which is located in unincorporated Fairfax County, along the city's southern border.

The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was awarded 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km 2 ) of land in northern Virginia by King Charles.

^[108] The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region.

^[80] The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805.

^[99]

The scene of the first land battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Fairfax Court House took place here on June 1, 1861 after a Union scouting party clashed with the local militia with neither side gaining advantage.

A second battle took place here two years later on June 27, 1863 where Union troops were defeated.

This battle delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Lee at Gettysburg a few days later.

Fairfax was officially renamed the "Town of Fairfax" in 1859.

^[99] It was incorporated as a town 1874.

^[99] It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order.

^[99] Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat.

^[31] In 1904 a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C. ^[56]

The former Fairfax County Courthouse is the oldest and most historic building in Fairfax.

The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tyson's Corner, and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road.

^[112] It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse.

^[116] In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria, which offered to build the new courthouse at their own expense.

The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tyson's Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123.

The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, DC.

The General Assembly specified that the new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is now Main Street and what was Ox Road and is now Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe.

^[76] The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the Civil War, and the first officer casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on the grounds.

^[118] The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800.

: 45

The oldest two-story building in the city, built in 1873, the Fairfax Public School for $2,750.

^[92] In addition to elementary school use the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training.

^[14] : 144 On July 4, 1992 the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center.

: 156–157 Joseph Edward Willard built the town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902.

^[53] The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League.

^[74]

The city of Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County, at (38.852612, −77.304377).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km 2 ), of which all but 0.04 square miles (0.1 km 2 ) is land.

^[38]

While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city.

^{[121] [97] [25]} Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax.

^[128]

As of the census ^[107] of 2010, there were 22,565 people, 8,347 households, and 5,545 families residing in the city.

The population density was 3,581.7 people per square mile (1382.9/km²).

There were 8,680 housing units at an average density of 1,377.8 per square mile (532.0/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 69.6% White,

4.7% Black or

African American, 0.5% Native American, 15.2%

Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander,

5.9% from other

races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population were

Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000 there were 8,347 households out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families.

24.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out with 20.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older.

The median age was 39.1 years.

For every 100 females there were 97.2 males.

For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $67,642, and the median income for a family was $78,921 (these figures had risen to $93,441 and $105,046 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).

^[8] Males had a median income of $50,348 versus $38,351 for females.

The per capita income for the city was $31,247.

About 2.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005.

^[8] The redevelopment added a new City of Fairfax Regional Library, more than 45,000 square feet (4,200 m 2 ) of retail and restaurant space, more than 70,000 square feet (6,500 m 2 ) of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units.

^[8]

In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by Forbes Magazine.

Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and a rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide.

According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession.

When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling the void."

According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

As an independent city of Virginia rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly.

In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend the charter.

The present charter was granted in 1966.

^[99] An exclave of Fairfax County is located within the City of Fairfax.

^{[97] [25]}

In May on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor and six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members.

Th to serve two-year terms.

These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits.

^[99] City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of the Revenue for four-year terms.

Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term).

State elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District).

Federal elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the U.S.

President, U.S.

Vice President, two U.S.

Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S.

Representative, 11th District (two-year term).

On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne (D) was arrested in a sting operation conducted by the Fairfax County Police Department.

After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men."

^[72] The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine.

At the meeting in Tyson's Corner, Virginia, detectives performed the exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men.

He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia.

^[72] He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council.

^[90] Despite news media seizing the salacious "drugs-for-sex" aspect of the story, Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine "for sex," and he was not tried for any sexual crimes.

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The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city, but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County.

^[42] U.S.

News & World Report often ranks Fairfax County schools among the best in the country.

City of Fairfax schools are Fairfax High School, Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy.

^[42]

Schools within the city that are not owned by the government include the Boyd School, Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center, Lee Highway KinderCare, Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center, Paul VI Catholic High School, The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center, Saint Leo The Great School, Trinity Christian School, and Truro Preschool & Kindergarten.

^[37]

George Mason University, the largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia, is located just to the south of the Fairfax city limits.

^[45] Mason began as an extension of the University of Virginia in 1949 named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia.

^[94] The Town of Fairfax purchased 150 acres (0.61 km 2 ) for the university in 1958, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city.

After several name changes in 1972 the institution became George Mason University.

^[119] Mason is most known for its programs in economics, law, creative writing, computer science, and business.

^[61] In recent years, George Mason faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

^[82] The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

^[98]

Fairfax County Public Library operates the City of Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax.

The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy.

^[52]

The Fairfax Eagles rugby league team plays in the American National Rugby League.

The intersection of U.S.

Route 50 and U.S.

Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city.

The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) through the city before separating.

State Route 123 and State Route 236 both pass through the city.

SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed.

In addition, Interstate 66 is located along the northern border of the city.

Although these stations are located outside city limits, trips to and from Fairfax are served by:

Fairfax, colloquially Central Fairfax, Downtown Fairfax, Fairfax City, Historic Fairfax, and formally the City of Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

As of 2015, the population was 24,013.

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