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Bentham & Hooker system

Bentham & Hooker system

A taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants, was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita in three volumes between 1862 and 1883.[1][2]

George Bentham (1800-1884) and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) were British botanists who were closely affiliated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in England. Their system of botanical taxonomy was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account. The Genera plantarum classified an estimated 97,205 species into 202 families and 7,569 genera.[1]

Summary

The system recognises the following main groups:

  • Class DICOTYLEDONES DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALE vol I Series 1. Thalamiflorae Series 2. Disciflorae Series 3. Calyciflorae DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II Series 1. Inferae Series 2. Heteromerae Series 3. Bicarpellatae DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III

  • Class GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III (1)

  • Class MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2)

Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system

Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.

Dicotyledonae

Dicotyledonae

  • DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM Vol I SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ COHORS I. RANALES I. RANUNCULACEÆ II. DILLENIACEAE III. CALYCANTHACEÆ IV. MAGNOLIACEAE V. ANONACEAE [sic] VI. MENISPERMACEÆ VII. BERBERIDACEÆ VIII. NYMPHÆACEAE COHORS II. PARIETALES IX. SARRACENIACEAE X. PAPAVERACEAE XI. CRUCIFERAE XII. CAPPARIDEAE XIII. RESEDACEAE XIV. CISTINEAE XV. VIOLARIEAE XVI. CANELLACEAE XVII. BIXINEAE COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ XIX. TREMANDREAE XX. POLYGALAE XXa. VOCHYSIACEAE COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ XXIII. PORTULACEÆ XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES XXV. ELATINEÆ XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ XXX. CHLENACEÆ COHORS VI. MALVALES XXXI. MALVACEÆ XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ XXXIII. TILIACEÆ SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ COHORS VII. GERANIALES XXXIV LINEÆ XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ XXXIX. RUTACEÆ XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic] XLI. OCHNACEÆ XLII. BURSERACEÆ XLIII. MELIACEÆ XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ COHORS VIII. OLACALES XLV. OLACINEÆ XLVI. ILICINEÆ COHORS IX. CELASTRALES XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ LVIII. ROSACEÆ LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ LX. CRASSULACEÆ LXI. DROSERACEÆ LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ LXIV. HALORAGEÆ COHORS XII. MYRTALES LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ LXVII. MYRTACEÆ LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ LXXII. LOASEÆ LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ LXXVII. DATISCEÆ COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES LXXVIII. CACTEÆ LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ COHORS XV. UMBELLALES LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ LXXXII. CORNACEÆ

  • DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II SERIES I. INFERÆ COHORS I. RUBIALES LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ COHORS II. ASTERALES LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ COHORS III. CAMPANALES LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ LC. GOODENOVIEÆ XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ COHORS IV ERICALES XCII. VACCINIACEÆ XCIII. ERICACEÆ XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ XCV. EPACRIDEÆ XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ XCVII. LENNOACEÆ COHORS V. PRIMULALES XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ C. MYRSINEÆ COHORS VI. EBENALES CI. SAPOTACEÆ CII. EBENACEÆ CIII. STYRACEÆ SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ COHORS VII. GENTIANALES CIV. OLEACEÆ CV. SALVADORACEÆ CVI. APOCYNACEÆ CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ CIX. GENTIANEÆ COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES CX. POLEMONIACEÆ CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ CXII. BORAGINEÆ CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ CXIV. SOLANACEÆ COHORS IX. PERSONALES CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic] CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ CXXI. PEDALINEÆ CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ COHORS X. LAMIALES CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ CXXV. VERBENACEÆ CXXVI. LABIATÆ incertae sedis CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ

  • DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III Series I. Curvembryeæ CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic] CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ Series IV. Microembryeæ CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ Series V. Daphnales CXLIII. LAURINEÆ CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ CL. BALANOPHOREÆ Series VII. Unisexuales CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ CLII. BALANOPEÆ CLIII. URTICACEÆ CLIV. PLATANACEÆ CLV. LEITNERIEÆ CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ CLVII. MYRICACEÆ CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis) CLX. SALICINEÆ CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ

  • GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic] vol III (1) CLXIV. GNETACEÆ CLXV. CONIFERÆ CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ

Monocotyledons

Monocotyledons

  • Summary pp viii-xi

  • MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2) p. 448

Series I. Microspermæ p. 448

  • CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆp. 448 CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ p. 460

Series II Epigynæ p. 636

  • CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ p. 636[3] CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ p. 657 CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ p. 671 CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ p. 681 CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ p. 711 5 tribes I Tribus Hypoxideae p. 716 II Tribus Amarylleae p. 718 3 subtribes III Tribus Alstroemerieae p. 735 IV Tribus Agaveae p. 737 V Tribus Vellosieae p. 739 CLXXV. TACCACEÆ p. 740 CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ p. 741

Series III Coronarieæ p. 746

  • CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ p. 746 CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ p. 748 (20 tribes) Schema 748-763 Tribus I Smilaceae p. 763 Tribus II Asparageae p. 764 Tribus III Luzuriageae Tribus IV Polygonateae p. 768 Tribus V Convallariae Tribus VI Aspidistreae Tribus VII Hemerocalleae Tribus VIII Aloineae

  • ... Tribus X Asphodeleae p. 781 5 subtribes Tribus XI Johnsonieae p. 795 Tribus XII Allieae p. 798 Schema p. 750 4 subtribes Subtribus I Agapantheae p. 798 Subtribus II Euallieae p. 798 Subtribus III Gilliesieae p. 804 Subtribus IV Massonieae p. 806 Tribus XIII Scilleae p. 807 Tribus XIV Tulipeae p. 816 Tribus XV Colchiceae

  • ... Tribus XX Veratreae p. 834 CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ p. 836 CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ p. 840 CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ p. 841 CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ p. 843 CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ p. 844 CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ p. 857

Series VI Calycineæ p. 860

  • CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ CLXXXVII. PALMÆ

Series V. Nudifloreæ p. 949

  • CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ CXC TYPHACEÆ CXCI. AROIDEÆ CXCII. LEMNACEÆ p. 1000

Series VI. Apocarpæ p.1001

  • CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ p. 1003 CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]

Series VII. Glumaceæ p. 1019

  • CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ p. 1025 CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ CC. GRAMINEÆ

See also

  • Gamopetalae

  • Heteromerae

  • Monochlamydeae

References

[1]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgSingh, Gurcharan (2010). Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach (3 ed.). Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1578083510. Retrieved 23 January 2014., Bentham & Hooker pp. 308–312
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[2]
Citation Linkopenlibrary.orgBentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1862–1883). Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (3 vols.). London: L Reeve & Co. Retrieved 24 January 2014..
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[3]
Citation Linkwww.biodiversitylibrary.org, Scitamineae pp. 636–657
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[4]
Citation Link//doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.1877.tb00261.x10.1111/j.1095-8339.1877.tb00261.x
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[5]
Citation Linkbooks.google.caPlant Systematics: An Integrated Approach
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[6]
Citation Linkbooks.google.comBentham & Hooker pp. 308–312
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[7]
Citation Linkwww.biodiversitylibrary.orgGenera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[8]
Citation Linkwww.biodiversitylibrary.orgScitamineae pp. 636–657
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[9]
Citation Linkdoi.org10.1111/j.1095-8339.1877.tb00261.x
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM
[10]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Sep 28, 2019, 9:46 PM