Everipedia Logo
Everipedia is now IQ.wiki - Join the IQ Brainlist and our Discord for early access to editing on the new platform and to participate in the beta testing.
Ĝ

Ĝ

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ would.

Ĝ is the ninth letter of the Esperanto alphabet. Although it is written as gx and gh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex: ĝ.

Uses of Ĝ in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative /ʕ/

In Aleut, an Eskimo-Aleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.

In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive [ɡ], because g is pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Dutch.

In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal /ŋ/.

Character mappings

CharacterĜĝ
Unicode nameLATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEXLATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX
Encodingsdecimalhexdecimalhex
Unicode284U+011C285U+011D
UTF-8196 156C4 9C196 157C4 9D
Numeric character referenceĜĜĝĝ

See also

  • Ĉ

  • Ĥ

  • Ĵ

  • Ŝ

  • Ŭ

References

[1]
Citation Linken.wikipedia.orgThe original version of this page is from Wikipedia, you can edit the page right here on Everipedia.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Additional terms may apply.See everipedia.org/everipedia-termsfor further details.Images/media credited individually (click the icon for details).
Oct 1, 2019, 4:59 PM